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Revista de Neurología
Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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¿Para qué tantas sinapsis?

Authors: Ferrús, Alberto;

¿Para qué tantas sinapsis?

Abstract

[ES]Introducción y desarrollo. La sinapsis es la estructura más abundante en el cuerpo de cualquier animal. Este número parece excesivamente grande al considerar su finalidad aparente: excitar o inhibir la célula postsináptica. Por otro lado, en los pocos casos de los que se dispone de datos, el número de sinapsis que dos células identificadas establecen entre sí suele ser razonablemente constante entre individuos, aunque varía durante el desarrollo. Observaciones procedentes de varios sistemas sensoriales y especies animales indican que el número de sinapsis es importante. En el sistema olfativo de Drosophila, si ese número aumenta tres veces, la sensibilidad de la percepción aumenta hasta tres órdenes de magnitud. Del mismo modo, la pérdida de sensibilidad de percepción olfativa a un determinado olor correlaciona con la pérdida de sinapsis sensoriales en determinadas neuronas. Esos cambios tienen lugar mediante la participación del AMPc y sus reguladores. Conclusiones. Parece lógico suponer que los efectos postsinápticos en el caso de N sinapsis con respecto al caso N’ deben ser diferentes. Puesto que los parámetros del potencial de acción postsináptico en ambos casos son los mismos, cabe proponer, como hipótesis de trabajo, que la diferencia de significado biológico radica en la diferente dinámica del calcio a lo largo de la geometría de la célula postsináptica.

[EN]Introduction and development. Synapses are the most abundant structures in the body of all animals. This number appears to be exceedingly large considering their apparent function: excite or inhibit the postsynaptic cell. In the few cases for which data are available, the number of synapses that two identified cells establish is reasonably constant between individuals although variable during development. Observations in a variety of sensory systems and animal species indicate that synapse number is important for normal physiology. Recent data from the olfactory system in Drosophila show that, if this number increases threefold, the sensitivity of perception increases up to three orders of magnitude. Similarly, the loss of perception sensitivity to a given odorant correlates with a loss of sensory synapses in selected neurons. These changes require proper regulation of the cAMP pathway. Conclusions. It seems reasonable to assume that the postsynaptic effects in the case of N versus N’ synapses should be different. Since the action potential parameters in the postsynaptic cell are the same in both cases, we can propose, as a working hypothesis, that the functional differences rely in the differential calcium dynamics throughout the postsynaptic dendritic branches.

Precede al título: Revisiones en neurociencias. Editor: J.V. Sánchez-Andrés.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Drosophila, Adaptation, Sensory perception, Camp metabolism, Synapse

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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