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Equilibrio nutricional de un maíz ("Prisma") bajo monocultivo y diferentes dosis de abonado

Authors: Murillo Carpio, José Manuel; Moreno Lucas, Félix; Cabrera, Francisco; Fernández Luque, José Enrique; Fernández Díaz, Mª del C.;

Equilibrio nutricional de un maíz ("Prisma") bajo monocultivo y diferentes dosis de abonado

Abstract

[EN]: The nutritional status of an irrigated corn crop (Zea mays, L. «Prisma»), and some parameters related to growth and yield, were compared in the 1 st and 7 th years of monocropping. Two fertilization regimen were applied: one often used in Andalucía (1000 kg ha –1 yr –1 of a 15N - 15P2O5 - 15K2O fertilizer, plus two additions of urea each of 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 ) and a second one consisting of one third of the amount of the fertilizer described above. Crop growth was significantly smaller in the 7 th than in the 1 st year and the yield also decreased gradually over the monocropping. The high rate of fertilization did not alleviate the decline in both parameters. The nutritional status of the crop also decreased under monocropping, especially at the plantlet and mature plant stages. Nitrogen of plantlets, plants at early tasseling and mature plants were significantly smaller in the 7 th than in the 1 st year. The nutrients that underwent a greater change were S and Mg, decreasing S and increasing Mg. Plantlets were found to be deficient in P and mature plants in K. Micronutrients did not undergo changes of physiological importance. The DRIS criteria also reflected an impoverishment of the macronutrient balance (sums of the DRIS indexes were much greater in the 7 th year). The high fertilization rate did not alleviate the decline in nutrient status.

[ES]: Se ha comparado el equilibrio nutricional, y algunos parámetros de crecimiento y cosecha, de un maíz (Zea mays, L. «Prisma») en el 1.º y 7.º año de monocultivo, sometido a riego y dos dosis de abonado: A) frecuente en Andalucía (1000 kg ha –1 año –1 de 15N - 15 P2O5 - 15 K2O, y dos coberteras de urea, de 400 kg ha –1 año –1 cada una) y B) un tercio de la misma. El crecimiento del cultivo fue inferior, significativamente, en el 7.º año, y el rendimiento experimentó un descenso gradual a lo largo del monocultivo. La dosis mayor de abonado no mejoró estos resultados. El equilibrio nutricional también fue afectado por el monocultivo, especialmente durante las fases de plántula y planta madura. Respecto al año 1.º, el N disminuyó significativamente en el 7.º año, en plántulas, plantas al inicio de la antesis y plantas maduras. Las mayores variaciones correspondieron a S y Mg, disminuyendo el primero y aumentando el segundo. El P resultó deficitario durante la fase de plántula y el K en plantas maduras. Los micronutrientes no experimentaron cambios de importancia fisiológica para la planta. El criterio DRIS también puso de manifiesto el empobrecimiento del equilibrio nutricional de macronutrientes (sumatorios de índices DRIS muy superiores en el 7.º año). Este desequilibrio nutricional no fue corregido por la dosis más alta de abonado.

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Keywords

de nutrientes Índices DRIS, Concentración de nutrientes, Corn («Prisma»), Fertilization, Maíz («Prisma»), Fertilización, DRIS indexes

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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