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Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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Fluid flow processes at basin scale

Authors: BITZER, K.; TRAVÉ, A.; CARMONA, J.M.;

Fluid flow processes at basin scale

Abstract

[ES] El flujo de fluidos en el interior de la corteza terrestre juega un papel importante en muchos procesos geológicos, lo que ha llevado recientemente a un importante incremento de los estudios sobre la evolución del flujo de fluidos a escala de las cuencas sedimentarias. Las reservas económicas, tales como petróleo o depósitos minerales, se interpretan como el resultado del flujo de fluidos a escala de cuenca durante largos periodos de tiempo. Los sistemas de flujo fósiles pueden estudiarse mediante el análisis de las alteraciones diagenéticas, de las inclusiones fluidas y de los cementos. Este análisis permite conocer las condiciones físicas y químicas de los fluidos y de las rocas durante su evolución paleohidrogeológica. Los modelos de simulación a escala de cuenca son utilizados para complementar el registro preservado en las rocas y para desarrollar modelos conceptuales de la evolución hidráulica de la cuenca y de la generación de las reservas económicas. Durante la evolución de una cuenca, el régimen de flujo puede evolucionar de un tipo a otro. El régimen más importante, en lo que se refiere a velocidad y capacidad de transportar solutos y energía térmica, es el flujo gravitacional originado por la topografía, cuyo principal requisito es que existan zonas de la cuenca, o alrededor de ella, con elevaciones por encima del nivel del mar. Cuando no existe esta condición, el principal régimen de migración de fluidos es el flujo por consolidación. Las velocidades de flujo originadas por este mecanismo son varios órdenes de magnitud inferiores al flujo originado por la topografía, pero a pesar de ello es capaz de crear sobrepresiones importantes. La pérdida episódica y repentina de agua en estos compartimentos sometidod a sobrepresión suele realizarse a velocidad elevada, lo que origina desequilibrios térmicos y químicos, temporales y locales, entre el fluido y la roca. El trabajo que se presenta a continuación es una síntesis de los procesos de flujo de fluido en el interior de la corteza terrestre a escala de cuenca y muestra los ejemplos de las cuencas distensivas de los semi-grabens del Penedès y del offshore de Barcelona, y de la cuenca compresiva sur-pirenaica.

[EN] Subsurface fluid flow plays a significant role in many geologic processes and is increasingly being studied in the scale of sedimentary basins and geologic time perspective. Many economic resources such as petroleum and mineral deposits are products of basin scale fluid flow operating over large periods of time. Such ancient flow systems can be studied through analysis of diagenetic alterations and fluid inclusions to constrain physical and chemical conditions of fluids and rocks during their paleohydrogeologic evolution. Basin simulation models are useful to complement the paleohydrogeologic record preserved in the rocks and to derive conceptual models on hydraulic basin evolution and generation of economic resources. Different types of fluid flow regimes may evolve during basin evolution. The most important with respect to flow rates and capacity for transport of solutes and thermal energy is gr avitational fluid flow driven by the topographic configuration of a basin. Such flow systems require the basin to be elevated above sea level. Consolidational fluid flow is the principal fluid migration process in basins below sea level, caused by loading of compressible rocks. Flow rates of such systems are several orders of magnitude below topography driven flow. However, consolidation may create significant fluid ove rpressure. Episodic dewatering of ove rpressured compartments may cause sudden fluid release with elevated flow velocities and may cause a transient local thermal and chemical disequilibrium between fluid and rock. This paper gives an overview on subsurface fluid flow processes at basin scale and presents examples related to the Penedès basin in the central Catalan continental margin including the offshore Barcelona half-graben and the compressive South-Pyrenean basin.

This research has been performed within the framework of DGICYT grant PB1995 -1142, PB97-0883, and Grup Consolidat 1998-SGR00034. We are grateful to Francesc Calvet and Ramon Salas (Facultat de Geologia) and Carlos Ayora (Institut Jaume Almera, CSIC) for discussions and support. We thank both referees for improving our manuscript.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Preferential pathways, Conques sedimentàries, Episodic flow, Paleohydrology, Flujo de fluidos, Modelización, Modelling, Fluid flow, Paleohydrogeology, Sedimentary basins, Flujo episódico, Paleohidrologia, Conductos preferenciales, Cuencas sedimentarias

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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