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El clima y el hombre como factores de la estabilidad estructural del suelo. Un estudio a lo largo de gradientes climático-altitudinales

Authors: Cerdá, A.;

El clima y el hombre como factores de la estabilidad estructural del suelo. Un estudio a lo largo de gradientes climático-altitudinales

Abstract

[ES] El clima determina la vegetación, los procesos geomorfológicos e hidrológicos, y las características de los suelos, especialmente su estructura. Esta última, y en concreto la estabilidad de los agregados, ha sido utilizada como indicador del grado de degradación de los ecosistemas y de la erodibilidad de los suelos. En este trabajo se investiga la influencia del clima sobre los procesos geomorfológicos a través de la estabilidad de los agregados. Para ello se han seleccionado suelos desarrollados bajo distintas condiciones climáticas a lo largo de gradientes climáticos-altitudinales en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica (Noroeste de la Cordillera Bética, Alacant) y en el sur de Bolivia (vertiente oeste de la Cordillera de los Andes, Tarija). En los dos casos el estudio se realizó sobre un transecto con vegetación natural o climácica y otro sobre suelos antropizados: cultivos en Bolivia y degradados por incendios forestales, talas y reforestaciones en Alacant. Los resultados demuestran que en los transectos naturales el clima influye decisivamente sobre la calidad de la agregación: los suelos desarrollados bajo climas húmedos son más estables que los desarrollados bajo climas áridos. En cambio, en los suelos degradados por la acción antrópica bien se pueden encontrar a lo largo de los gradientes climáticos relaciones semejantes a las vistas en los suelos naturales (cultivos en Bolivia), o bien una respuesta muy compleja debido a los distintos usos del suelo a lo largo del gradiente (transecto antropizado, Alacant). En general, la acción antrópica determina una fuerte reducción de la estabilidad de los agregados en ambientes semiáridos. En el extremo NW de la Cordillera Bética, y la zona oriental de los Andes, al sur de Bolivia, la acción antrópica puede dar lugar a la degradación de los ecosistemas naturales al alterar la agregación de los suelos. Los agregados son más estables en húmedo que en seco.

[EN] Climate determines the vegetation cover, the hydrological and erosional processes and the soil characteristics, especially his structure. The former, and concretely the aggregate stability has been used as indicator of the degree of ecosystem degradation and the soil erodibility. In the present study the influence of climate on the geomorphologic processes is studied by means of the aggregate stability measurements. Soils developed under different climatic conditions have been selected along climatological altitudinal gradients in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula (NW of the Betic Range, Alacant) and the south of Bolivia (Andean Range, Tarija). On both sites, the study was carried out on natural (climax vegetation) and anthropic transects, where cultivated soils in Bolivia and soils degraded by forest fire, clear-cutting and afforestation in Alacant were selected. The results demonstrate that in the natural transect the climate determine the quality of the soil aggregates: the soils developed under wet climates are more stables than the soils developed under arid climates. However, the soils degraded by the human use shows a similar relationship (cultivated fields in Bolivia), or a very complex behaviour due to the different land uses along the transect (anthropic transect, Alacant). As a general conclusion, the human use determines a strong reduction of the aggregates stability in semiarid environments. On the NW of the Betic range and the eastern part of the Andean Range, in the south of Bolivia, the human use results in the degradation of the natural ecosistems due to the reduction of the aggregate stability. Aggregates are more stable under wet than dry conditions.

12 páginas, 7 figuras

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Artículos de Investigación, Geomorfología, Land use, Land Use, Estabilidad de agregados, Uso del suelo, Geomorphology, Clima, Aggregate stability, Factors

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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