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Reproductores y dispersantes de una especie de larga vida, el búho real (Bubo bubo): diferencias en el uso del espacio y patrones de movimiento de dos facetas de una misma población

Authors: Campioni, Letizia;

Reproductores y dispersantes de una especie de larga vida, el búho real (Bubo bubo): diferencias en el uso del espacio y patrones de movimiento de dos facetas de una misma población

Abstract

[EN] Social status can be reflected in many aspects of an individual’s behaviour and ecology, including habitat use and conspecific interactions. In territorial species where at least two social groups – breeding birds and non-territorial floaters – are recognized, the diverse tasks associated with territorial ownership can lead territory holders to behave differently from the non-territorial part of the population. Territory holders defend their breeding area and reproduce, whereas floating individuals are dispersing and lead a more transient life, during which they do not show any territorial behaviour even when settling in a more or less fixed area (known as the stop phase). As social interactions are based on visual and vocal cues, the use of specific sites for sending and ⁄ or receiving signals can be a crucial choice in an animal’s life. By analysing the post-site selection of Eagle Owl Bubo bubo breeders and floaters during their nocturnal activity, we found that: (1) territory holders selected more visible and dominant posts than non-territorial floaters; (2) the choice of posts made by floating individuals did not differ between the wandering and stop phases of dispersal; and (3) floating females intruded more frequently than floating males within a breeder’s home-range. These findings highlight the fact that two social strategies are possible within the same species, depending on an individual’s social status and its related tasks. Breeders could take advantage of visible locations to declare their status as territory holders, whereas floaters could benefit from a more secretive life to wander unnoticed among occupied territories. This secretive life would help floaters to reduce the risks associated with conspecific aggression. Finally, the greater occurrence of floating females within breeders’ home-ranges can be explained by the fact that female incursions in a breeder’s home-range are less risky than male intrusions.

[ES] El estatus social de los individuos puede reflejarse en muchos aspectos de su comportamiento y de su ecología, incluyendo el uso del hábitat y las interacciones inter-específicas. En las especies territoriales se pueden diferenciar dos grupos sociales ― los reproductores y los dispersantes ― caracterizados por tener diferentes tareas y, por tanto, diferentes comportamientos. Por ejemplo, mientras los individuos territoriales tienen que invertir parte de su tiempo en la defensa de su área de reproducción y en tareas reproductivas, los individuos dispersantes tienen una vida más transitoria, no mostrando comportamientos territoriales, ni siquiera en la última fase de la dispersión, cuando pueden encontrar un área en la que asentarse de manera estable. En aquellas especies cuyas interacciones sociales se basan en señales visuales y vocales, la elección y el uso de lugares específicos para el envío y la recepción de señales es crucial en la vida de un animal. En este trabajo se analizó la selección de posaderos de individuos reproductores y dispersantes de búho real Bubo bubo durante su actividad nocturna. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de dos comportamientos diferentes, fuertemente ligados al estatus social de los individuos. Mientras que los reproductores seleccionan posaderos más visibles, probablemente para expresar su condición de dominancia en su territorio de forma efectiva, los dispersantes seleccionan posaderos menos visibles y menos dominante. Esta selección de posaderos por parte de los dispersantes va en línea a una vida más reservada, en la que divagan desapercibidos entre territorios ocupados. Esta vida secreta ayuda a reducir los riesgos asociados a posibles agresiones intraespecíficas. Estas agresiones son, además, menos frecuentes cuando el dispersante es hembra, lo que podría explicar el hecho de que observásemos más intrusiones de hembras dispersantes en territorios de reproductores.

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Spain
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Keywords

Desarrollo animal, Comportamiento animal

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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