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handle: 10261/4493 , 20.500.14243/33064
[EN] Field abandonment on the rural landscape some times is associated to progressive soil degradation. T h e Mediterranean climatic setting, because of its irregular precipitation regime, makes de clayey bare soil prone to the crusting within certain storms. Nevertheless, it has not been clearly defined yet what conditions differentiates the said critical storms; this represents the main objective of this work. For this reason some rainfall simulation sets were performed in the field and laboratory, over a clayey bare soil, combining different rainfall characteristics and surface soil conditions. The measurements of hydrological responses as well as surface random roughness dynamics, that has been linked to Manning’s hydraulic roughness coefficient through two sets of relationships proposed in the studies of Gilley and Finkner (1991) and Mwendera and Feyen (1992), allowed to estimate the runoff erosivity or drag force in relationships with the experimental soil physical conditions and rainfall characteristics. T h e results point to a large increase in drag, hence in erosive power of overland flow, reaching values of between 2 and 6 times, within storms mainly associated to dry soil conditions, which are prone to the surface random roughness reduction and crusting development. These results can justify intense erosion and ephemeral gullies occurrence in clayey bare soils within-storm, as well as bring some support to the knowledge about progressive badland formation and development.
[ES] El abandono de cultivos causa en ocasiones un deterioro progresivo del suelo. El contexto climático Mediterráneo, por su régimen estacional de precipitaciones, favorece el encostramiento en suelos arcillosos descubiertos durante ciertas tormentas. El objetivo de este trabajo es diferenciar que factores distinguen dichas tormentas críticas, por medio de realizar series de simulaciones de lluvia en campo y laboratorio, combinando diferentes características de la lluvia y condiciones superficiales de un suelo arcilloso. La información hidrológica y de la dinámica de la rugosidad superficial, asimilada al coeficiente de rugosidad hidráulica de Manning en dos trabajos, permitió relacionar la agresividad de la escorrentía con las condiciones experimentales. Los resultados indican un incremento de erosividad de la escorrentía relacionado con el descenso de la rugosidad superficial y el encostramiento del suelo. Esto puede justificar la aparición de erosión intensa en suelos arcillosos descubiertos durante determinadas tormentas, capaces de generar pequeños barrancos y modelar cárcavas.
Los autores expresan su agradecimiento a los doctores Paolo Bazzoffi y Sergio Pellegrini por facilitar el acceso a la “Stazione Sperimentale de Sta Elisabetta”, asimismo agradecen a Luigi Gabellini el apoyo técnico durante la fase experimental desarrollada en el campo y a la doctora Marta Yánez por su colaboración durante algunas de las simulaciones realizadas en el laboratorio. Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco de los proyectos: MWISED (EU-ENV4-CT97_687), HIDROESCALA (REN2000-1709-C04-02 GLO), TRANSMIN (PPQ2001-2100-C04-01) y PROHISEM (REN2001-2268-C02-01/HID).
Peer reviewed
Intense erosion, Runoff, escorrentía, rugosidad hidráulica, Erosión intensa, Rugosidad hidráulica, Hydraulic roughness, Artículos de Investigación, Encostramiento, Rainfall energy, Badlands, cárcavas, erosión intensa, encostramiento, Cárcavas, Crusting, Escorrentía, Energía de lluvia
Intense erosion, Runoff, escorrentía, rugosidad hidráulica, Erosión intensa, Rugosidad hidráulica, Hydraulic roughness, Artículos de Investigación, Encostramiento, Rainfall energy, Badlands, cárcavas, erosión intensa, encostramiento, Cárcavas, Crusting, Escorrentía, Energía de lluvia
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