Sex is a Crucial Factor in the Immune Response: An Ichthyological Perspective
Copyright policy )Sex is a Crucial Factor in the Immune Response: An Ichthyological Perspective
Sex plays a crucial role in shaping the immune response of vertebrates, leading to differing susceptibilities to diseases between females and males. This review explores the observed sexual dimorphic patterns in different pathogenic infections, immune responses, and molecular events. First, we present a compilation of historical guidelines for incorporating gender/sex as a variable in research studies to enhance scientific rigor, improve research outcomes, and promote better health for both sexes. Following, we focus on examining sex-based differences in immune responses across different taxa, with an in-depth review of available studies on fish, particularly regarding the prevalence of sex in relation to parasites, viruses, and bacteria. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits of considering sex prevalence in fish diseases for advancing fish management in both aquaculture and ecological contexts. Our conviction is that integrating sex as a factor in understanding immune responses will positively influence fish welfare, economic impacts, and policymaking, leading to more tailored and effective treatments.
[SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615, maladie des poissons, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_550, Dimorphism, Aquaculture and Fisheries Life Sciences, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16411, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Prevalence, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3788, [SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, surveillance épidémiologique, reproduction sexuée, sexual, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32659, Life Sciences, Epigenetic, aquaculture, épidémiologie, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2920, [SDV.SA.ZOO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Infection, epigenetic, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15974, maladie des animaux, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3802, prevalence, réponse immunitaire, [SDV.SA.STP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, regulations, ichtyologie, Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, Biology, Regulations, fish, écologie animale, Sexual, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_427, infection, dimorphisme sexuel, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_426, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26876, M01 - Pêche et aquaculture - Considérations générales, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Fish, Animal Sciences, génie génétique, M40 - Écologie aquatique, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3799, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/14, immunité
[SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615, maladie des poissons, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_550, Dimorphism, Aquaculture and Fisheries Life Sciences, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16411, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Prevalence, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3788, [SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, surveillance épidémiologique, reproduction sexuée, sexual, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32659, Life Sciences, Epigenetic, aquaculture, épidémiologie, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2920, [SDV.SA.ZOO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Infection, epigenetic, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15974, maladie des animaux, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3802, prevalence, réponse immunitaire, [SDV.SA.STP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, regulations, ichtyologie, Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, Biology, Regulations, fish, écologie animale, Sexual, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_427, infection, dimorphisme sexuel, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_426, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26876, M01 - Pêche et aquaculture - Considérations générales, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Fish, Animal Sciences, génie génétique, M40 - Écologie aquatique, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3799, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/14, immunité
selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources.This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).4 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!