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The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL

Authors: Kelly, P. L.; Rodney, S. A.; Treu, T.; Strolger, L. G.; Foley, R. J.; Jha, S. W.; Selsing, J.; +17 Authors

DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL

Abstract

ABSTRACT In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) “Refsdal” (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1–S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster’s potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately from the previous images S1–S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1–S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test “blind” lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%–2% on the time delay between S1–S4 and SX.

Countries
Australia, Denmark, Spain, Italy, United States
Keywords

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Gravitational lensing: strong, Supernovae: general, gravitational lensing: strong, FOS: Physical sciences, 530, supernovae: individual (SN Refsdal), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 520, supernovae: general, galaxies: clusters: general, Supernovae: individual (SN Refsdal), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223), Galaxies: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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