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El poblamiento y la explotación del paisaje en la Meseta Norte entre la Edad del Hierro y época romana alto imperial. Una aproximación a través de la arqueología espacial

Landscape exploitation and population in Spanish North Plateau between Iron Age and Early Imperial period: An approximation through Spatial Archaeology tools
Authors: García Sánchez, Jesús;

El poblamiento y la explotación del paisaje en la Meseta Norte entre la Edad del Hierro y época romana alto imperial. Una aproximación a través de la arqueología espacial

Abstract

[ES] Los espacios y las épocas de transición son tradicionalmente objetos de investigación histórica y arqueológica. Focalizan la atención de los investigadores porque representan momentos y lugares clave para la comprensión de procesos complejos. La zona de nuestro estudio se localiza en el norte de la Meseta entre las provincias de Palencia y Burgos. En esta zona confluyen dos aspectos interesantes, geográficamente es el espacio de transición entre la Cordillera Cantábrica y la meseta sedimentaria. Históricamente se corresponde con el límite territorial asignado a los pueblos prerromanos de cántabros, turmogos y vacceos. Estos dos elementos le han conferido un carácter de "zona conflictiva", las guerras contra cántabros y astures se organizan desde este mismo territorio, con bases militares en las actuales localidades de Sasamón y Herrera de Pisuerga y grandes castros cuyo papel en las mismas guerras aún es objeto de debate, entre estos están Monte Bernorio, La Ulaña y Amaya. Nuestro trabajo consiste en un estudio del poblamiento en dos grandes contenedores históricos, la Edad del Hierro y la época romana altoimperial, con el objetivo de estudiar cuáles son los procesos de cambio entre diferentes épocas. Hemos utilizado herramientas SIG, en especial la delimitación de isócronas para estudiar las áreas de captación y la evolución de las estrategias de subsistencia en el marco cronológico reseñado. Del mismo modo hemos dispuesto un estudio de visibilidades e índices de altitudes relativas para comprobar hipótesis sobre el poblamiento en llano y en altura ya mencionadas en la bibliografía. Finalmente el producto de todos estos análisis se ha recogido y estudiado con el apoyo de sencillos métodos estadísticos.

[EN] Times and places of transition are traditionally researching ways for Historical and Archaeological disciplines. Researchers focus their attention on them for being important themes to understand complex processes. The area studied is located in Spanish North Plateau (Meseta), between the current provinces of Burgos and Palencia. In this area we can find two different and important aspects. First of all, in a geographical way, there are two dialectical spaces, one on the centre of de Cantabric Mountains, and the other on the alluvial plains of Duero basin. Secondly, the historical importance is related to the traditional investigations of preroman borders. Cantabrian peoples, Turmogii and Vaccei were located in this area. Geographical and Historical characteristics had made this zone as an area of conflict. Wars against Astures and Cantabrian began from military bases located in current towns of Sasamón and Herrera de Pisuerga. Other characters, such as the hill-forts were established in the mountains. Nowadays, the role played by pre-roman settlements is still discussed. Our work deals with the study of settlements within two broad chronological groups, the Iron Age and the Early Imperial period; in order to study change processes between different times. We have used GIS tools, especially site catchment analysis to look into subsistence strategies through the time frame related before; this analysis uses a cost surface estimation based on calculi of isochronous. In the same way we used view shed analysis and topographical prominence index in order to probe some hypotheses of differences within settlement patterns. All the data produced have been handled with statistical help.

Contrato predoctoral de la Universidad de Cantabria.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

North Plateau (Meseta), arqueología espacial, Arqueolog?a, Prehistory, Iron Age, Arqueología espacial, Prehistoria, SIG, GIS, sig, Arqueología, meseta norte, Archaeology, Edad del Hierro, época romana, paisaje, Meseta norte, Early Imperial period, edad del hierro, análisis de captación de recursos, Época romana, CC1-960, Spatial archaeology

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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