Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2023
Data sources: Biblos-e Archivo
versions View all 4 versions
addClaim

Synthesis and characterization by neutron difraction of perovskite-related halide materials for solar cells

Authors: Abia Sanz, Carmen;

Synthesis and characterization by neutron difraction of perovskite-related halide materials for solar cells

Abstract

[ES] La crisis energética actual pone en evidencia la necesidad de reducir nuestra dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y apostar por fuentes de energía renovables, como es la energía solar. Recientemente, se han implementado perovskitas de haluros en paneles solares, dando lugar a una nueva y prometedora generación de tecnología fotovoltaica. Estos cristales hacen que las celdas tengan una gran eficiencia manteniendo costes de fabricación bajos; sin embargo, presentan dos grandes inconvenientes, la mayoría contienen plomo tóxico y son inestables en condiciones ambiente. La estructura cristalina de las perovskitas permite una gran flexibilidad en la elección de sus componentes, haciendo posible la optimización de diversos parámetros. En esta tesis, hemos aprovechado esta ventaja para diseñar y sintetizar varias de estas perovskitas con la perspectiva de utilizarlas en dispositivos fotovoltaicos, intentando superar los inconvenientes mencionados. Dicha síntesis se realizó mediante dos métodos diferentes: por temperatura inversa de cristalización, dando lugar a monocristales, y por molienda mecánica, resultando en muestras de polvo bien cristalizadas y estables. Durante todo el proyecto, hemos procurado caracterizar las muestras de forma completa usando una gran variedad de técnicas experimentales, como SEM para un estudio morfológico y DSC para un análisis térmico, entre otros. Cobra especial importancia la caracterización de las propiedades ópticas y eléctricas, evaluando así su posible uso en celdas solares. Sin embargo, dado que existe una correlación entre la estructura atómica y las propiedades de un cristal, la parte principal de este trabajo es la caracterización estructural completa y detallada de cada material escogido. Para ello, se han realizado experimentos de difracción de rayos X de sincrotrón y de neutrones, siendo estos últimos imprescindibles para determinar las posiciones de los protones y de los átomos ligeros. En particular, las perovskitas estudiadas en este proyecto se pueden clasificar en tres tipos: híbridas, totalmente inorgánicas y sin plomo tóxico. El primer capítulo de resultados está dedicado a los compuestos híbridos MAPbBr3, la familia FAPb(Br1 – x Clx )3 y MAPbI3. El segundo a CsPbBr3, CsPbBr3 dopado con tierras raras, RbPbI3 y RbPb2Br5, todos ellos totalmente inorgánicos. Finalmente, el último capítulo de resultados está dedicado al análisis de tres muestras sin plomo; estas se escogieron en base a compuestos ya estudiados en los capítulos previos, sustituyendo el plomo tóxico por elementos como el estaño y el cobre; las muestras elegidas fueron MASnBr3, CsCuBr3 y RbSn2Br5. En todos los casos, se llevó a cabo un detallado análisis estructural mediante experimentos de difracción en un amplio rango de temperaturas, describiendo las fases cristalográficas por las que transitaban las muestras. Dada la variedad de composiciones, sus comportamientos estructurales son dispares: desde muestras que presentan una compleja cascada de transiciones de fase, como ocurre con las muestras híbridas (por ejemplo, MAPbBr3 y FAPbBr3), hasta otras que mantienen su simetría hasta su descomposición, como RbPb2Br5 y RbSn2Br5. También es de señalar que se ha obtenido el compuesto paradigmático MAPbI3 (o MAPI ) con una especial estabilidad mediante reacciones mecanoquímicas, que se ha explicado en función de datos estructurales. En definitiva, aunque nuestro estudio de las diferentes perovskitas de haluro tiene una perspectiva fundamental, se espera que nuestros avances beneficien a futuras investigaciones sobre la caracterización de dichos compuestos. Sin embargo, también tiene un enfoque práctico, ya que esperamos que motive a más investigadores a desarrollar dispositivos optoelectrónicos basados en perovskitas que tengan un buen rendimiento y lleguen a ser competitivos en el mercado. Esta tesis se ha realizado en el Institut Laue-Langevin en Grenoble (Francia) en colaboración con el Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC (España), donde se hicieron varias estancias destinadas fundamentalmente a la preparación de las muestras.

[EN ]The current energy crisis has reinforced the need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and to switch to renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Recently, halide perovskites have been implemented in solar cells, giving rise to a promising new generation of photovoltaic technology. These crystals make the cells highly efficient while keeping the manufacturing costs low; however, they present two major drawbacks: most of them contain toxic lead and are unstable under ambient conditions. The crystalline structure of perovskites allows great flexibility in the choice of components, making it possible to optimize various parameters. In this thesis, we have used this advantage to design and synthesize several of these perovskites with the perspective of using them in photovoltaic devices, trying to overcome the mentioned drawbacks. This synthesis was carried out by two different methods: by reverse temperature crystallization, giving rise to single crystals, and by mechanical milling, resulting in well-crystallized and stable powder samples. During this project, we have sought to characterize the samples thoroughly using a variety of experimental techniques, such as SEM for a morphological study and DSC for a thermal analysis, among others. The characterization of the optical and electrical properties is of particular importance, thus evaluating their possible use in solar cells. However, since there is a correlation between the atomic structure and the properties of a crystal, the main part of this work is the complete and detailed structural characterization of each material. For this purpose, synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction experiments have been carried out, the latter being essential to determine the positions of protons and light atoms. In particular, the perovskites studied in this project can be classified into three types: hybrid, all-inorganic and lead-free. The first chapter of results is devoted to the hybrid compounds MAPbBr3, the FAPb(Br1 – x Clx )3 family and MAPbI3. The second one is devoted to CsPbBr3, CsPbBr3 doped with rare earths, RbPbI3 and RbPb2Br5, all of them totally inorganic. Finally, the last chapter of results is dedicated to the analysis of three lead-free samples; these were chosen based on compounds already studied in the previous sections, replacing the toxic lead by elements such as tin and copper; the samples chosen were MASnBr3, CsCuBr3 and RbSn2Br5. In all cases, a detailed structural analysis was carried out over a wide temperature range by performing diffraction experiments, describing the crystallographic phases the samples undergo as a function of temperature. Given the variety of compositions, their structural behaviours are diverse: from samples that show a complex cascade of phase transitions, such as the hybrid samples (for instance, MAPbBr3 y FAPbBr3), to others that maintain their symmetry until their decomposition, such as RbPb2Br5 and RbSn2Br5.Also it is important to highlight that we obtained the paradigmatic phase MAPbI3 (or MAPI ) with a special stability by mecanochemical reactions, which has been interpreted on the basis of structural data. In short, our study of different halide perovskites has a fundamental perspective, our advances are expected to benefit future research on the characterization of such compounds; however, it also has a practical focus, as we hope it will motivate more researchers to develop perovskite-based optoelectronic devices that perform well and become competitive in the market. This thesis has been carried out at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble (France) in collaboration with the Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC (Spain), where several stays were made related mainly with the preparation of the samples.

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics of Condensed Matter, Nanoscience and Biophysics.-- Tutor: José Ramón Ares Fernández.

Institut Laue-Langevin.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Solar cells, Energías renovables, Perovskitas, Difracción de monocristal, Rietveld refinement, Física, Difracción de rayos X, Optoelectical properties, Difracción de polvo, Neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, Energía solar, Powder diffraction, Síntesis mecanoquímica, Refinamiento Rietveld, Temperatura inversa de cristalización, Perovskites, Propiedades optoeléctricas, Difracción de neutrones, Mechano-chemical synthesis, Inverse temperature crystallization, Placas solares, Single-crystal diffraction

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    OpenAIRE UsageCounts
    Usage byUsageCounts
    visibility views 169
    download downloads 351
  • 169
    views
    351
    downloads
    Powered byOpenAIRE UsageCounts
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
visibility
download
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
OpenAIRE UsageCountsViews provided by UsageCounts
downloads
OpenAIRE UsageCountsDownloads provided by UsageCounts
0
Average
Average
Average
169
351
Green
Related to Research communities