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Doctoral thesis . 2023
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Reactivity and composition of phytoplankton-derived organic matter: implications for the marine Carbon cycle

Authors: Cabrera Brufau, Miguel;

Reactivity and composition of phytoplankton-derived organic matter: implications for the marine Carbon cycle

Abstract

[ES] El fitoplancton marino es responsable de aproximadamente la mitad de la producción fotosintética de materia orgánica (OM) y de oxígeno en la Tierra. La composición y reactividad de la OM fitoplanctónica influye en dos de los principales mecanismos de captura de carbono del océano: la bomba biológica y la bomba microbiana. La OM derivada del fitoplancton se puede clasificar como particulada (POM) o disuelta (DOM) y estas dos fracciones están sujetas a diversos procesos de producción, consumo y transporte que involucran tanto interacciones bióticas como abióticas. Entender cómo estos procesos influyen en la composición y reactividad de la OM es esencial para describir de forma precisa el papel de la ecología del fitoplancton en el ciclo marino del carbono y, en última instancia, en la regulación del clima de la Tierra. Esta tesis está enfocada, precisamente, en comprender mejor los controles sobre estos procesos. Para hacerlo, combinamos análisis espectrofluorométricos y elementales de POM y DOM con múltiples parámetros bióticos y abióticos durante el desarrollo y el colapso de proliferaciones de fitoplancton en experimentos de micro- y mesocosmos y en condiciones naturales. El experimento de degradación de microcosmos desveló que la POM derivada de proliferaciones dominadas por diatomeas es degradada a un ritmo mucho más lento que aquella producida por comunidades fitoplanctónicas mixtas. Además, se observó una acumulación de DOM aparentemente recalcitrante durante el procesado de POM derivada de diatomeas. El análisis de cuatro proliferaciones de fitoplancton en aguas antárticas reveló que la OM fluorescente proteinácea tenía contribuciones de materiales disueltos y particulados. La abundancia y composición del fitoplancton y sus interacciones con virus y zooplancton fueron identificados como los principales controles sobre la cantidad y el fraccionamiento de la OM fluorescente proteinácea. Por el contrario, las sustancias húmicas se hallaban mayoritariamente en la fracción disuelta y su composición estaba relacionada con procesos de degradación fotoquímica y transformación microbiana. El experimento de mesocosmos mostró que el balance entre la producción y degradación de DOM fluorescente proteinácea se hallaba controlado por la disponibilidad de nitrógeno de la comunidad planctónica. Mientras que la composición de la DOM fluorescente húmica fue influenciada por procesos fotoquímicos y por la producción de sustancias húmicas especificas por procariotas heterótrofos y autótrofos, la composición taxonómica del fitoplancton eucariota no tuvo una profunda influencia sobre la composición de la DOM fluorescente. En su conjunto, esta tesis muestra que la composición de las comunidades planctónicas, y las interacciones entre organismos y entre estos y las condiciones ambientales influyen en la composición y reactividad de la OM fitoplanctónica, determinando su destino y su papel en el ciclo marino del carbono

[EN] Marine phytoplankton are responsible for approximately half of the photosynthetic production of organic matter (OM) and oxygen in Earth. The composition and reactivity of phytoplankton- derived OM influences two of the main C-sequestration mechanisms of the ocean: the biological carbon pump and the microbial carbon pump. Phytoplankton-derived OM can be classified as particulate (POM) or dissolved (DOM) and these size-fractions are subject to diverse production, consumption and transport processes involving biotic and abiotic interactions. Understanding how these processes influence OM composition and reactivity is essential to accurately describe the role of phytoplankton ecology in the marine Carbon cycle and ultimately in the regulation of Earth climate. This thesis aims, precisely, to better understand the controls over these processes. To do so, we combined fluorescence spectroscopy and elemental analysis of POM and DOM with multiple biotic and abiotic parameters during the development and decay of phytoplankton proliferations in micro- and mesocosm experiments and under natural conditions. The microcosm degradation experiment revealed that POM derived from diatom-dominated proliferations is degraded at a much slower rate than that of POM produced by a mixed phytoplankton community. In addition, accumulation of DOM of apparent recalcitrant nature was observed during the processing of diatom-derived POM. The analysis of four phytoplankton proliferations in Antarctic waters revealed that protein-like fluorescent OM was contributed by dissolved and particulate materials. The abundance and composition of phytoplankton and their interactions with viruses and grazers were identified as the main controls over the quantity and fractionation of protein-like fluorescent OM. By contrast, humic-like substances were mostly in the dissolved fraction, and their composition was related to photochemical degradation and microbial transformation. The mesocosm experiment showed that the balance between production and degradation of protein-like fluorescent DOM was controlled by the nitrogen availability of the planktonic community. Whereas the humic-like fluorescent DOM composition was influenced by photochemical processes and production of specific humic-like substances by autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes, the taxonomic composition of eukaryotic phytoplankton did not have a profound influence over the fluorescent DOM composition. Overall, this thesis shows that the composition of plankton assemblages, and the interactions between organisms and between organisms and environmental conditions influence the composition and reactivity of phytoplankton-derived OM, ultimately determining its fate and role in the marine Carbon cycle

The research was funded by projects SUAVE (CTM2014-54926-R), ANIMA (CTM2015- 65720-R), BIOGAPS (CTM2016-81008-R), PEGASO (CTM2012-37615) and DOGMA (PID2020-37615) from the Spanish government and by EU Horizon2020-INFRAIA project AQUACOSM (grant no. 731065). Miguel Cabrera Brufau was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish government (FPU16-01925) and by EU Horizon2020 project PRODIGIO (grant no. 101007006). This thesis acknowledges the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Miguel Cabrera Brufau para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciències del Mar por la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizada bajo la dirección de la Dra. Cèlia Marrasé Peña y del Dr. Pedro Cermeño Ainsa del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 221 pages

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Espectròmetres, Spectrometers, Cicle del carboni (Biogeoquímica), Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry), Fitoplancton marino, Geoquímica orgánica, Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques, 57, Organic geochemistry, Ciclo del carbono (Biogeoquímica), Fitoplàncton marí, Geoquímica orgànica, Espectrómetros, Marine phytoplankton

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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