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Signification des niveaux à lingulidés à la limite supérieure du Grès Armoricain (Ordovicien, Arenig, Sud-Ouest de l'Europe)

Authors: Emig, Christian C.; Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C.;

Signification des niveaux à lingulidés à la limite supérieure du Grès Armoricain (Ordovicien, Arenig, Sud-Ouest de l'Europe)

Abstract

[EN] Within the Lower Ordovician of SW Europe, lingulid beds are frequently recorded in the uppermost part of the Armorican Quartzite Formation or at the base of the overlying unit of dark shales. They have a broad geographical extension, particularly in the Hesperian and Armorican Massifs. The lingulid horizons occur within littoral fine to medium sands deposited on flat and relatively stable areas, without tide, however under storm influence. The large lingulids which characterize these facies were living in conditions similar to those of the extant lingulides. Two types of lingulid beds are described. Type A forms lags with lamination, from some millimetres to several centimetres thick, at the base of or within quartzo-sandstone strata. It originated through sedimentary floods of coarse particles, probably transported by rivers during periods of heavy rains which also induced large salinity decreases. Type B, the most common, consists of conglomeratic coquinoid beds, associated with sandstone and quartzitic layers, containing phosphatic and sideritic pebbles and heavy minerals, embedded in a matrix with a huge concentration of fragments of lingulid valves and sometimes of some other fossils, i.e. bivalves and microarthropods. The coquinas are related to erosive discontinuities at the base of sandstone sequences with hummocky cross stratification. They originated during very short catastrophic events which induced unconformable deposits of valve fragments in the littoral zone. Most of the most widespread beds of type B were probably deposited during hurricanes or tsunamis, the latter related to explosive volcanism on the perigondwanan shallow shelves. Numerous evidences of acid volcanism of explosive type at the end of the Arenig are documented in the upper part of the Armorican Quartzite in the Iberian Peninsula. Nevertheless, at least one of the thickest deposits of type B does not belong to a tempestite but could have formed through a coastal upwelling of phosphate-rich waters in which large lingulid populations could develop.

[FR] A l'Ordovicien inférieur, les niveaux d'accumulations de lingulidés à la limite supérieure du GrèsArmoricain ou à la base des schistes noirs qui lui succèdent ont une grande extension géographique dans les Massifs Hespérique et Armoricain. Ils sont intercalés dans des faciès littoraux à sables fins à moyens, déposés en zones plates relativement stables, sans marées, mais soumises aux effets de tempêtes. Les lingulidés caractéristiques de ces faciès sont dominés par des genres de grande taille, vivant dans des conditions similaires aux lingules actuelles. Deux types d'accumulations de lingulidés sont décrits. Le Type A, correspondant à des niveaux de grès grossiers avec lamination, forme des concentrations, de quelques millimètres à quelques centimètres d'épaisseur, à la base ou dans les bancs quartzo-gréseux. Il se met en place lors d'un apport sédimentaire en particules grossières, probablement en relation avec des périodes de pluies intenses induisant aussi une baisse prolongée de la salinité. Le Type B, le plus fréquent, est représenté par des lumachelles dans des bancs de grès ou de quartzites. Ce sont des horizons conglomératiques massifs, à contenu mal trié avec des galets phosphatés, sidéritiques, et des minéraux lourds, dans une matrice à forte concentration de fragments de lingulidés et occasionnellement d'autres restes fossiles (bivalves, microarthropodes). Leur formation est liée à des phénomènes catastrophiques très limités dans le temps, produisant des accumulations de fragments de valves, discordantes sur le substrat sous-jacent, en zone littorale, comme des tempêtes exceptionnelles ou même des tsunamis liés à un volcanisme explosif sur la plate-forme périgondwanienne. Cependant, le dépôt de type B le plus épais ne correspond pas à une tempestite: il pourrait être expliqué par la proximité d'un upwelling côtier d'eaux riches en phosphate, favorisant l'installation d'importantes populations de lingulidés.

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du Projet AMB92-1037-C02-01 (1992-1995) du PN I+D (Comisión Interministerial de Ciencias y Tecnología, Espagne). Les recherches dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Espagne font partie des projets PB 91-0671 et PB 94-1330 de la DGICYT et ont été financées par cette dernière, la partie française (C.C.E.) l'a été par I'URA 41 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

15 páginas, 4 figuras.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

SW Europe, Lingulids, S.O. Europe, Lingulidés, Ordovicien Inférieur, Palaeoecology, Paléoécologie, Coquinoid Beds, Lumachelles, Lower Ordovician

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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