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Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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In the shadow of Cuauhtémoc: commemorative sculptures, indigenous heroes, and indigenismo in Mexico and Brazil, 1944-1958

Authors: Laura Giraudo;

In the shadow of Cuauhtémoc: commemorative sculptures, indigenous heroes, and indigenismo in Mexico and Brazil, 1944-1958

Abstract

El articulo analiza la versión brasileña de los rituales asociados al ‘Día del Indio,’ una celebración indigenista continental creada en 1940 y celebrada en Brasil desde 1944. En particular, aborda el protagonismo de la figura de Cuauhtémoc, cuya estatua había llegado de México a Rio de Janeiro en 1922, provocando un debate acerca de cuál debía ser el héroe indígena brasileño, retomado en distintas ocasiones, hasta que, en 1965, se instaló en Niteroi (al otro lado de la bahía de Guanabara) una estatua del ‘indio’ Araribóia. En las celebraciones del Día del Indio, la figura de Araribóia adquiere cierta presencia, si bien ningún héroe autóctono local consiguió desplazar a la poderosa figura del ‘héroe azteca,’ que asume en el ritual el perfil de ‘héroe amerindio.’ El análisis de estas puestas en escena revela una profunda relación entre la exposición pública de los ‘héroes indígenas’ y el paralelo proceso de institucionalización nacional y reconocimiento internacional del indigenismo brasileño. Finalmente, las figuras heroicas que promueve y refuerza el Día del Indio no son los indígenas, sino los propios indigenistas. Su modelo, el general Rondon, alcanzará en 1958, el año de su muerte, su mayor reconocimiento como "héroe indigenista"

[EN] This article addresses the Brazilian interpretation of the Day of the Indian, a hemispheric indigenista celebration created in 1940 and observed in Brazil since 1944. It especially focuses on the prominence of the figure of Cuauhtémoc after the Mexican government sent a monument of the ‘Aztec hero’ to Brazil in 1922. The arrival of the Cuauhtémoc monument in Rio de Janeiro triggered a debate about who Brazil’s Indian hero should be, which continued until 1965 when a sculpture of the ‘Indian’ Araribóia was placed in Niteroi, on the other side of the Guanabara Bay. In the Day of the Indian ritual, the figure of Araribóia achieves some importance, but no autochthonous local figure could displace the mighty Cuauhtémoc and his status as Amerindian hero. The analysis of these specific stagings suggests a strong connection between the public displays of the ‘Indian heroes’ and the concomitant processes of national institutionalization and international recognition of Brazilian indigenismo. In the end, the heroic figures promoted by the Day of the Indian were not the Indians, but the indigenistas themselves. Their model, General Rondon, would be recognized in 1958, the year of his death, as "Indigenist hero"

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Country
Spain
Keywords

Araribóia, Indian heroes, Día del Indio, Day of the Indian, Indigenismo, Brasil, Héroes indígenas, Brazil, Cuauhtémoc

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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