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Functional habitat suitability and urban encroachment explain temporal and spatial variations in abundance of a declining farmland bird, the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax

Authors: Arroyo, Beatriz; Estrada, Alba; Casas, Fabian; Cardador Bergua, Laura; De Cáceres, Miquel; Bota, Gerard; Giralt, David; +2 Authors

Functional habitat suitability and urban encroachment explain temporal and spatial variations in abundance of a declining farmland bird, the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax

Abstract

[FR] Le comportement des espèces en fonction de l’affectation des terres peut être examiné dans une perspective fonctionnelle, selon laquelle les habitats sont décrits suivant la dépendance des espèces envers les ressources. Les modèles de répartition ou d’abondance fondés sur la disponibilité des ressources, plutôt que sur le type d’affectation des sols, peuvent être plus informatifs sur les processus ultimes qui sous-tendent les tendances observées en matière de population ou de répartition. L’utilisation de l’habitat peut dépendre des ressources disponibles et des perturbations qui affectent l’accessibilité à ces ressources. La présence humaine croissante et l’empiètement urbain accru peuvent donc modifier les relations entre l’adéquation de l’habitat et l’abondance des espèces. En utilisant 10 ans de données prises sur le terrain, nous avons cherché à savoir si la variabilité de l’abondance de l’Outarde canepetière (Tetrax tetrax) s’expliquait par l’adéquation fonctionnelle de l’habitat (évaluée par des modèles basés sur les ressources) et l’empiètement urbain. Nous avons constaté que les variations spatiales et temporelles de l’abondance de l’Outarde canepetière s’expliquaient par l’adéquation fonctionnelle de l’habitat et l’évitement des zones urbaines, mais que l’importance de chaque variable variait selon l’échelle spatiale. L’abondance de l’outarde à chaque point d’observation a augmenté significativement avec l’adéquation de l’habitat local pour la nidification mais pas pour l’alimentation, et a diminué avec la proportion croissante de zones urbaines. À des échelles spatiales plus grandes, les changements temporels de l’abondance de l’outarde étaient fortement liés aux changements de l’adéquation de l’habitat pour l’alimentation. De plus, la relation positive entre l’adéquation de l’habitat pour l’alimentation et l’abondance de l’outarde a diminué à mesure que la proportion de zones urbaines augmentait, et l’espèce était presque totalement absente lorsque la proportion de zones urbaines était supérieure à 5 %. Les présents résultats soulignent les avantages de l’utilisation de modèles fondés sur les ressources pour qu’on comprenne mieux les processus qui relient l’abondance des animaux et l’adéquation de l’habitat, tout en considérant simultanément les éléments du paysage qui sont évités.

[EN] Species response to land use can be examined under a functional perspective, where habitats are described according to species´ resource dependencies. Distribution or abundance models based on resource availability rather than land use types can be more informative about the ultimate processes behind observed population or distribution trends. Habitat use may depend on resources available, as well as disturbances that affect accessibility to such resources. Increasing human presence and urban encroachment may thus alter the relationships between habitat suitability and species abundance. Using 10 years of field data, we investigated whether variability in Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax) abundance was explained by functional habitat suitability (assessed through resource-based models) and urban encroachment. We found that spatial and temporal variations in Little Bustard abundance were explained by functional habitat suitability and avoidance of urban areas, but that the significance of each variable varied with spatial scale. Little Bustard abundance at each observation point significantly increased with local nesting but not foraging habitat suitability, and decreased with increasing proportion of urban areas. At larger spatial scales, temporal changes in Little Bustard abundance were highly significantly related to changes in foraging habitat suitability. Moreover, the positive relationship between foraging habitat suitability and Little Bustard abundance weakened as the proportion of urban areas increased, and almost disappeared when the proportion of urban areas was more than 5%. Our results underline the benefits of using resource-based models to better understand processes that relate animal abundance and habitat suitability, while simultaneously considering avoided elements of the landscape.

This study was developed as part of the Project "Steppeahead" (funded by FGCSIC, CSIC, and Banco Santander). Several people helped with fieldwork over the years; special thanks are due to Eladio García, Israel Hervás, and Javier Viñuela for contribution to field censuses, and Ana Benítez and Carlos Martín for field land use data 2008-2011. Fidel Sánchez-Campos helped with the initial GIS database. Fieldwork was partially supported by projects MCYT-REN2003-07851/GLO, CGL2004-02568/BOS, CGL2007-66322/BOS, and CGL2008-04282/BOS, and was partially self-funded.

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Country
Spain
Keywords

Foraging habitat suitability, foraging habitat suitability, Nesting habitat suitability, Ecology, population declines, nesting habitat suitability, human avoidance, Resourcebased models, population processes, Population declines, Population processes, resource-based models, QH540-549.5, Resource-based models, Human avoidance

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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