Earliest evidence of animal domestication have been found in the northern Levant and are dated to the middle of the 9th millennium cal BC. In southern Levant, pig, cattle and sheep husbandry was probably introduced from northern Levant by the late 8th cal millennium BC, but concerning goat management, the available data are far from clear. The southern Levant is being increasingly considered as another presumed primary centre of goat domestication. However, assessing the status of these animals in this region is hampered by the difficulty of morphologically distinguishing domestic goats from their wild relatives. Diet reconstruction is a powerful approach to address this issue since feeding of managed animals is partially controlled by their owners, unlike free-ranging wild populations. For the first time, we propose to contribute to this question through dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) using confocal microscopy. At first, we built a reference collection of extant wild (Capra pyrenaica) and domestic (Capra hircus) goats, whose origin, period of death and diet are known. Two groups of domestic goats have been chosen: a first group was fed by fodder. The second lived in the Mediterranean mountains and were raised in an extensive breeding system. Secondly, we identi¿¿ied the more discriminant microwear texture parameters (ISO parameters), that allowed distinguishing between domestic and wild goats. Finally, we tested these parameters on goats (Capra format aegagrus) from two key Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites in the southern Levant, Tell Qarassa (Syria) and Kharaysin (Jordan), to characterize their paleodiet.