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doi: 10.1051/alr:1994015
handle: 10261/283268
[EN] The aquaculture production of all-female triploid (sterile) populations is recognized as being of potential advantage for many species of fish where sexual maturation is not desired. All-female triploids have been produced by inducing triploidy in eggs that had been fertilized with monosex female sperm. However, monosex stocks to produce this type of sperm are currently available only for a limited number of economically important species. To circumvent this problem, an alternative method would be the direct fertilization of tripoid embryos. In Pacific salmon, pressure shocks applied shortly after fertilization have consistently resulted in high yields of tripoids, and feminization by direct estrogen treatment has also been shown to be highly effective if applied shortly after hatching. In this study, coho salmon eggs were made triploid by a pressure shock of 633 kg/cm2 for 4 min, applied 20 min after fertilization and incubation at 10 °C. Some of the resulting embryos were then feminized with estradiol-17β in single 2-hour immersion treatments at 400 μg/liter, administered 1 and 8 days after hatching. Six months later, when the fish were juveniles, analysis of the DNA content of erythrocytes by flow cytometry revealed a 100% induction of triploidy, while histological examination of the gonads showed 82% females, which were completely devoid of oocyte development and thus genetically sterile. These manipulations reduced survival during early stages of development but survival became stable later. Together, these results suggest that the production of sterile fish by direct feminization of induced triploids could be of particular advantage for those species in which all-female stocks are yet not available or difficult to obtain
[FR] La production aquacole de populations monosexes femelles et triploïdes (stériles) est reconnue comme étant un avantage potentiel pour de nombreuses espèces où la maturation sexuelle n'est pas désirée. Les triploïdes monosexes femelles étaient produites en induisant la triploïdie dans les oeufs qui avaient été fertilisés avec du sperme de femelles monosexes. Cependant, des stocks de monosexes pour produire ce type de sperme ne sont disponibles que pour un nombre limité d'espèces importantes économiquement. La féminisation d'embryons triploïdes permettrait de résoudre cette question. Chez le saumon du Pacifique, des chocs de pression appliqués peu après la fertilisation donnent des résultats satisfaisants pour des rendements importants de triploïdes; la féminisation par traitement aux estrogènes est également très efficace s'il est appliqué dès l'éclosion. Dans cette étude, les oeufs de saumon coho sont devenus triploïdes par un choc de pression de 633 kg/cm2 pendant 4 min, appliqué 20 min après la fertilisation et l'incubation à 10 °C. Certains embryons ainsi obtenus ont ensuite été féminisés par traitement à l'estradiol-17β à raison d'une seule immersion dans une solution à 400 μg/litre, administré 1 et 8 jours après l'éclosion. Six mois plus tard, chez les juvéniles, l'analyse de l'ADN des érythrocytes par cytométrie de flux révèle 100 % de triploïde induite, tandis que l'examen cytologique des gonades montre 82 % de femelles, mais sans développement ovocytaire et donc génétiquement stériles. Ces manipulations réduisent le taux de survie durant les premiers stages de développement qui devient stable plus tard
5 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Survival, Sterilization, Stérilisation, Triploidy, Sexe-ratio, féminisation, Survie, Saumon coho, Coho salmon, Feminization, Triploïdie, Sex ratio
Survival, Sterilization, Stérilisation, Triploidy, Sexe-ratio, féminisation, Survie, Saumon coho, Coho salmon, Feminization, Triploïdie, Sex ratio
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