Diets of the two deep-sea species of Mediterranean oplophorids were studied by the analysis of 244 foregut contents of Acanthephyra eximia and 69 of Acanthephyra pelagica. All the specimens were collected on the deep slope (between 610 and 2261 m) using an OTSB-14 bottom trawl.The diet of A. pelagica consisted of small mesopelagic fishes (Cyclothone braueri, Myctophidae) and bathypelagic crustaceans (Gennadas elegans, Pasiphaea multidentata, Eucopia hanseni, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, hyperiids). In contrast, A. eximia was an important scavenger, feeding on fish remains. Benthic species (polychaetes, Calocaris macandreae, gastropods, etc.) were also detected in its diet. There was little dietary overlap between the two species. In A. eximia bathypelagic decapods were important only in the diet of large specimens. In small specimens the acquisition of decapod prey was not attributable to active hunting. On the lower slope A. eximia was more detritivorous, and predatory activity was lower. This trend was most distinct in small and medium-sized individuals, which predominate at that level.