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Respuesta del girasol (helianthus annuus L.) a la salinidad del suelo

Authors: Aragüés Lafarga, Ramón; Bercero Bercero, Ángel;

Respuesta del girasol (helianthus annuus L.) a la salinidad del suelo

Abstract

[ES] El girasol es un cultivo de primavera que por razones comerciales (competitividad creciente frente al aceite de oliva), políticas (subvenciones de la Unión Europea) y edafoclimáticas (suelos de regadío afectados por sales) tiene un potencial de expansión considerable en la cuenca media del Ebro. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer la tolerancia del girasol a la salinidad del suelo, que en la actualidad está insuficientemente documentada y cuya clasificación cualitativa es de moderadamente sensible a moderadamente tolerante. El híbrido Albasol se sembró en condiciones no salinas en 24 parcelas elementales de 4 x 4 in, regadas con aguas de diferente CE (entre 2 y 15 dS m’). La salinidad del suelo se midió periódicamente con un sensor electromagnético y una sonda de cuatro electrodos cuyas lecturas se transformaron a CE (extracto saturado) por medio de las correspondientes ecuaciones de calibración. De los atributos medidos, el número de plantas por unidad de superficie y el diámetro de los capítulos fueron los más tolerantes a la salinidad, seguidos de la altura de las plantas y, finalmente, de la producción de pipas. En base a los parámetros de la tolerancia a la salinidad CEe5 (CE umbral del extracto saturado a partir de la cual desciende el rendimiento) y CE50 (CE del extracto saturado para la que la producción máxima desciende un 50 p.lOO) se concluye que las clasificaciones cualitativas previas citadas en la literatura infraestiman el nivel de tolerancia del girasol a la salinidad. Así, la CE (7,1 dS m’) y la CE0 (13,8 dS mS’) superan a los valores del maíz, cártamo, soja, trigo y sorgo, lo que permite concluir que el girasol es un cultivo potencialmente competitivo para las condiciones de salinidad presentes en algunos regadíos de la cuenca media del Ebro.

[EN] The sunflower is a spring crop that, due to commercial (increasing competitivity as opposed to olive oil), political (European Union subsidies) and edaphic and climatic (irrigated salt-affected soils) reasons, has a considerable expansion potential for the middle Ebro basin. The objective of this work is to establish the tolerance of sunflower to soil salinity, presently not well documented and with a qualitative ranking between moderately sensitive and moderately tolerant. The hybrid Albasol was sown in non salme conditions in 24 elemental plots of 4 x 4 m. irrigated with water of different EC (between 2 and 15 dS m-1). Soil saLinity was periodically measured with an electromagnetic season and a four electrode probe, and the readings were transformed to ECe, (saturation extract) by means of the corresponding calibration equations. Of the measured attributes, the number of plants per unit surface and the head diameter were the more tolerant to salinity, followed by plant height and, finally, by the production of seeds. Based on the salt tolerance parameters ECeu (threshold PC value of the soil saturation extract above which crop yield starts to decline) and ECe50 (EC of the soil saturation extract at which the maximum yield decreases by 50 p.lOO), it is concluded that the qualitative classitications previously reported in the literature underestimate the salinity tolerance of sunflower. Thus, the ECeu (7.1 dS m-1) and the ECe50 (13.8 dS m-1) are higher than those for maize, safflower, soybean, wheat and sorghum, therefore allowing to conclude that the sunflower is a potential competitivc crop for the salinity conditions present in some irrigated areas of the middle Ebro basin.

19 Pag., 2 Tabl., 8 Fig.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Sonda de cuatro electrodos, Salinidad, Sensor electromagnético, Girasol, Tolerancia

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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