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handle: 10261/28064
[ES] La salinidad del suelo es una importante amenaza para la agricultura de regadío debido a sus efectos negativos internos (descenso de la productividad) y externos (salinización de los flujos de retorno del riego). El procedimiento más adecuado para delinear la variabilidad espacial de la salinidad edáfica es mediante la medida geofísica de la conductividad eléctrica aparente del suelo (ECa) efectuada con sistemas móviles georreferenciados. En este trabajo se describen dos Sensores Electromagnéticos Móviles Georreferenciados (MGES) sencillos y económicos desarrollados en Aragón y Navarra (España). Estos equipos incluyen instrumentos electromagnéticos arrastrados por un vehículo todo terreno, combinados con una unidad de GPS y un sistema de adquisición de datos que recopila las lecturas de ECa y las coordenadas geográficas. Se presentan dos aplicaciones del MGES en las que se levantan mapas de ECa para (i) seleccionar los cultivos más apropiados en un regadío salino de 43 ha (Hondo de Espartosa) y (ii) correlacionar la ECa con la salinidad de las aguas de drenaje para identificar las áreas-fuente mas importantes de salinidad en una nueva cuenca de regadío de 715 ha (Barranco de Lerma). Estos ejemplos demuestran las capacidades de análisis del MGES para el manejo de áreas agrícolas afectadas por salinidad.
[EN] Soil salinity is a major threat in irrigated agriculture because of its negative on-site (decreased productivity) and off-site (salinization of irrigation return flows) effects. The delineation of the spatial variability of soil salinity is best suited using non-invasive geophysical measurements of the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) using mobile GPS-based systems. Two simple and cost-effective Mobile Georeferenced Electromagnetic Sensors (MGES) developed in Aragón and Navarra (Spain) are described. These devices involve electromagnetic instruments towed by all terrain vehicles and combined with GPS units and data acquisition systems that collect both ECa readings and GPS coordinates. Two applications of the MGES aimed at delineating ECa maps for (i) selecting the most suitable crops in a 43-ha saline site (Hondo de Espartosa) and (ii) correlating ECa with drainage water salinity to ascertain the salinity-source areas in a new 715 ha irrigated basin (Barranco de Lerma) were examined. These examples demonstrate the MGES surveying capacities for management of salt-affected agricultural areas.
The work developed at Navarra was financially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (INIA and FEDER; RTA04-041-C2-1 and I05-021-P04-01) and by the Department of Agriculture of the Government of Navarre (Spain). The work developed at Zaragoza was financially supported by the Government of Aragon (PM107/2006) and the European Commission (INCOCT-2005-015031). We also acknowledge the INIA doctoral fellowships given to V. Urdanoz and V. Ochoa.
10 Pag., 2 Tabl., 4 Fig.
Peer reviewed
salinidad del agua de drenaje, salinity tolerance of crops, tolerancia de los cultivos a la salinidad, geophysical measurements, medidas geofísicas, drainage water salinity
salinidad del agua de drenaje, salinity tolerance of crops, tolerancia de los cultivos a la salinidad, geophysical measurements, medidas geofísicas, drainage water salinity
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