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handle: 10261/27959
[ES] Este artículo discute el papel potencial de las tierras altas neotropicales en el origen y mantenimiento de la biodiversidad. Se trata de una discusión sobre las implicaciones evolutivas y biogeográficas de estudios paleoecológicos recientes llevados a cabo en las Tierras Altas de Guayana, situadas entre las cuencas del Orinoco y el Amazonas. Estas montañas han sido propuestas como uno de los refugios neotropicales durante las glaciaciones del Pleistoceno, lo cual es difícilmente compatible con las evidencias del pasado disponibles hasta ahora. El caso de las Tierras Altas de Guayana es más compatible con la existencia de una gran heterogeneidad ambiental que, unida a la variabilidad climática del Cuaternario, resulta en un modelo de diversificación complejo, que no es consistente con las predicciones de la hipótesis de los refugios. Dicha hipótesis se considera válida para las zonas templadas, pero demasiado simple para los trópicos, donde todavía no se dispone de un modelo general de origen de la biodiversidad. Se proponen algunas estrategias para estudios futuros.
[EN] This paper discusses the potential role of Neotropical highlands in the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Recent palaeoecological data from the Guayana Highlands, between the Amazon and the Orinoco basins, have important evolutionary and biogeographical implications concerning the origin and maintenance of the high degree of diversity and endemism in the region. These mountains have been proposed to be a refuge during the Pleistocene glaciations, but this hypothesis is hardly compatible with past evidence. In the Guayana Highlands, the complicated topography favours the existence of a high habitat heterogeneity which, combined with Quaternary climatic changes, results in a complex diversification model that is inconsistent with the predictions of the refuge hypothesis. This hypothesis can be valid for temperate areas, but it is considered too simplistic for the tropics, where a general theory about the origin of biodiversity is not yet available. Some strategies for future studies are suggested.
Peer reviewed
12 p.
Neotropics, Evolution, Neotrópico, Refugios, Palaeoecology, Biodiversity, Refugia, South America, Biodiversidad, Quaternary, Evolución, Paleoecología, Biogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Paleoclimatología, Sudamérica, South America., Biogeografía, Cuaternario
Neotropics, Evolution, Neotrópico, Refugios, Palaeoecology, Biodiversity, Refugia, South America, Biodiversidad, Quaternary, Evolución, Paleoecología, Biogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Paleoclimatología, Sudamérica, South America., Biogeografía, Cuaternario
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