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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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On the origin of present Neotropical biodiversity : a preliminary meta-analysis about speciation timing using molecular phylogenies

Authors: Rull, Valentí;

On the origin of present Neotropical biodiversity : a preliminary meta-analysis about speciation timing using molecular phylogenies

Abstract

[CAT] L’origen evolutiu de les espècies actuals és un tema encara polèmic, especialment al neotròpic, que és una de les regions amb més biodiversitat del planeta. Una hipòtesi planteja que aquestes espècies s’han originat principalment durant el quaternari (els darrers ~2 milions d’anys), gràcies a l’alternança climàtica representada per les glaciacions i els interglaciars. Altres, en canvi, proposen que les espècies actuals són més antigues i que es van formar durant el terciari, degut principalment als canvis paleogeogràfics que hi van tenir lloc. En aquest article es revisen totes les evidències publicades que utilitzen filogènies moleculars d’ADN per esbrinar l’edat de les espècies neotropicals actuals. Es conclou que Orsis 22, 2007 105-119 la polèmica entre l’origen terciari o quaternari es pot considerar superada, ja que les >1.400 espècies documentades han anat apareixent gradualment des del límit eocè/oligocè (~39 milions d’anys abans del present) fins al quaternari. Les màximes taxes d’especiació han estat registrades al pliopleistocè (els darrers ~5 milions d’anys), coincidint amb un refredament global del planeta. Els mecanismes paleogeogràfics d’especiació són força ben coneguts, però no així aquells relatius als canvis climàtics. Aquests resultats són importants per comprendre l’origen de la biodiversitat actual, tant a nivell regional com global, així com dels mecanismes genètics i ambientals involucrats, que són dos aspectes fonamentals per al disseny d’estratègies de conservació de la biodiversitat adequades.

[EN] The evolutionary origin of extant species has been largely debated. The controversy is especially vivid in the Neotropics, one of the more biodiverse regions of the world. One hypothesis is that Neotropical species emerged primarily during the Quaternary (the last ~2 million years), favored by the alternating glacial/interglacial climates. An opposite view proposes an older Tertiary origin linked primarily to paleogeographic changes. Here, a thorough review of the available literature on DNA molecular dating shows that the Tertiary- Quaternary debate no longer makes sense. Indeed, the >1400 Neotropical species dated so far appeared in a continual fashion since the late Eocene/early Oligocene (~39 million years before present) to the Quaternary. Speciation rates maximized during the Plio-Pleistocene (the last ~5 million years), coinciding with a global climatic cooling. Paleogeographic mechanisms of speciation are relatively well known, but diversification processes linked to climate are still poorly understood. These results are important to understand the origin of present-day biodiversity patterns at both local and global scales, as well as the genetic and environmental mechanisms involved, two crucial aspects for suitable biodiversity conservation strategies.

Peer reviewed

15 p.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Neotropics, Neotròpic, Neotrópico, Speciation, Molecular phylogenetics, Paleogeografia, Terciari, Paleogeografía, Biodiversidad, Filogenia molecular, Quaternary, Canvi climàtic, Cambio climático, Climate change, Cuaternario, Quaternari, Filogènia molecular, Especiación, Biodiversity, Biodiversitat, Paleogeography, Especiació, Tertiary, Terciario

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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