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Application of cytogenetic tools for studying chromosome associations in meiosis for plant breeding purposes

Authors: Calderón Pérez, María del Carmen;

Application of cytogenetic tools for studying chromosome associations in meiosis for plant breeding purposes

Abstract

[ES] La meiosis es uno de los procesos más importantes en las células eucariotas con reproducción sexual, donde los cromosomas homólogos (equivalentes) se asocian, reconocen, aparean y recombinan. La meiosis ha sido estudiada en profundidad, ya que la recombinación entre cromosomas de dos especies dando lugar a un híbrido puede introducir una nueva variabilidad genética. En un cultivo como el trigo, la transferencia de genes de especies relacionadas para introducir una nueva resistencia al estrés biótico o abiótico es un objetivo principal en los programas de mejoramiento. Por lo tanto, profundizar en el conocimiento de la meiosis y los procesos que controlan las asociaciones de cromosomas en las etapas iniciales podría contribuir al mejoramiento del trigo. Las asociaciones de cromosomas al comienzo de la meiosis se inician en los extremos de los cromosomas, donde se encuentran los telómeros y los subtelómeros. Aunque la función de los telómeros en meiosis se ha estudiado en profundidad, las regiones subteloméricas siguen siendo un agujero negro. Además, el efecto del locus Ph1 en la recombinación entre asociaciones cromosómicas interespecíficas, también obstaculiza la incorporación de la variabilidad genética de las especies relativas de trigo. En este trabajo hemos estudiado el papel de los subtelómeros en el reconocimiento cromosómico inicial y el apareamiento entre cromosomas homólogos en la meiosis en el fondo genético del trigo. Los resultados revelaron que la región subtelomérica es crucial en estos procesos. Además, hemos mostrado que los cromosomas homeólogos de dos especies de cebada (H. vulgare y H. chilense) pueden asociarse correctamente en pares al comienzo de la meiosis, pero no recombinan en presencia del locus Ph1. La recombinación entre cromosomas homeólogos de estas especies de cebada solo se produjo en trigo en el fondo mutante ph1b. Se discute el papel de los subtelómeros y el locus Ph1 en los eventos de meiosis temprana en trigo.

[EN] Meiosis is one of the most important processes in eukaryotic cells with sexual reproduction, where homologous (equivalent) chromosomes associate, recognise, pair and recombine. Meiosis has been deeply studied because recombination between chromosomes from two species in a hybrid can introduce new genetic variability. In a crop such as wheat, the transfer of genes from related species to introduce new resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses is a target in breeding programs. Thus, going deeper into the knowledge of meiosis and the processes controlling chromosome associations at the initial stages might contribute to wheat breeding. Chromosome associations at the beginning of meiosis initiate at the chromosome ends, where telomeres and subtelomeres are. Although the function of telomeres has been deeply studied, the subtelomere region continues being a meiosis black hole. In addition, the effect of the Ph1 locus on recombination between interspecific chromosomes also hampers the incorporation of genetic variability from relative species wheat. In this work we have shed light into the role of subtelomeres in initial chromosome recognition and pairing between homologous chromosomes in meiosis in the wheat background. Results revealed that the subtelomeric region is crucial in the processes of homologous chromosome recognition and pairing. In addition, we have shown that homoeologous chromosomes from two barley species (Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum chilense) can associate correctly in pairs at the beginning of meiosis but do not recombine in the presence of the Ph1 locus. Recombination between homoeologous chromosomes from these barley species was only allowed in wheat in the ph1b mutant background. The role of subtelomeres and the Ph1 locus in early meiosis events in wheat is discussed.

Tesis Financiada por los proyectos “Estudio de las secuencias subteloméricas que participan en el reconocimiento y apareamiento cromosómico durante la meiosis para la mejora genética de trigo” (AGL2015-64833R) y “Manipulación cromosómica de especies silvestres afines de trigo para estudios de meiosis y mejora genética” (AGL2012-33264), financiados por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y realizada en el Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible-CSIC en el departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal.

Universidad de Córdoba, Programa de Doctorado Biociencias y ciencias agroalimentarias.-- Realizada en el Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible-CSIC en el departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Meiosis, Barley, Materia, Wheat, Chromosome recognition, Crop improvement, Subtelomeres, Ph1 locus, Plant breeding

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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