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handle: 10261/251372
[EN] The Upper Casamance is a region that has witnessed dramatic socio-political developments in the last millennium, including its conquest by the Mali Empire and a prominent role in the Atlantic trade, but which until now had never been archaeologically studied. Two seasons of fieldwork undertaken in 2013 revealed a landscape of shallow, short-lived sites at odds with the large permanent towns described by historical accounts and oral traditions. This article argues that the key to reconciling these two sets of evidence lies in a very particular settlement pattern — one of ‘shifting sedentism’ — by which villages and towns regularly shifted a few hundred metres, while keeping the name, identity, and institutions of the community intact. Combining data from ethnographic observations, written historical sources, oral traditions, surface survey and excavation, the paper reviews the importance of shifting sedentism in the Upper Casamance's history, as well as its wider archaeological implications. [FR] La Haute Casamance du Sénégal est une région qui a connu des développements socio-politiques dramatiques au cours du dernier millénaire, y compris sa conquête par l'Empire du Mali et un rôle de premier plan dans le commerce Atlantique, mais jusqu'à présent cette région n'avait jamais fait l’objet d’études archéologiques. Deux missions de terrain entreprises en 2013 ont révélé un paysage constitué de sites peu profonds et de courte durée, en contradiction avec les grandes villes permanentes qui sont décrites par les récits historiques et les traditions orales. Cet article soutient que la clé pour concilier ces deux ensembles d'éléments divergents réside dans un modèle d’occupation du territoire très particulier — celui du ‘sédentarisme itinérant’, par lequel les villes et les villages se déplaçaient régulièrement de quelques centaines de mètres, tout en maintenant le nom, l'identité et les institutions de la communauté. En combinant les données tirées des observations ethnographiques, des sources historiques écrites, des traditions orales, des prospections et des fouilles archéologiques, cet article passe en revue l'importance du sédentarisme itinérant dans l'histoire de la Haute Casamance, ainsi que ses implications archéologiques plus larges. This work was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the British Federation for Women Graduates, the Worshipful Company of Art Scholars, the Institute of Archaeology of University College London (UCL), the UCL Graduate School and the University of Edinburgh. Peer reviewed
Mobility, Casamance, Kaabu, Fulaadu, Shifting sedentism
Mobility, Casamance, Kaabu, Fulaadu, Shifting sedentism
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