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Ciencia e Investigación Agraria
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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Ciencia e Investigación Agraria
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Development of insulin resistance in horses (Equus caballus): etiologic and molecular aspects

Authors: Gandarillas Henríquez, Mónica; Matus C., José; Márquez-Hernández, Roberto I.; Vargas Bello, Einar;

Development of insulin resistance in horses (Equus caballus): etiologic and molecular aspects

Abstract

[ES]: La resistencia a la insulina en caballos se ha asociado con diversas comorbilidades, tales como obesidad, laminitis, cólicos y osteocondrosis. Se han descrito múltiples factores causantes de la resistencia a la insulina especialmente los genéticos y ambientales. Los cuales pueden afectar las vías de señalización celular responsable de la síntesis de insulina en las células pancreáticas, la ingesta de glucosa en las células diana de los tejidos periféricos y otros procesos relacionados (por ej., las vías de señalización de adipocitocinas). En respuesta a la insulina, se producen cambios en la expresión génica que son necesarios para la integración de toda una red de respuestas metabólicas y fisiológicas en diferentes órganos. Los receptores activados por proliferadores peroxisomales (PPARs, por sus siglas en inglés) se han estudiado particularmente en los últimos años, principalmente en los seres humanos. Los PPARs son importantes reguladores de la transcripción en la diferenciación de adipocitos y el metabolismo de lípidos. Estos tienen un efecto directo sobre la expresión de genes implicados en la homeostasis de los glúcidos y han sido recientemente relacionados con la diabetes tipo 2. Sin embargo, no se ha desarrollado un marco de trabajo a nivel molecular que permita identificar patologías relacionados con la insulina. Además, el establecimiento de un diagnóstico adecuado para la resistencia a la insulina es fundamental en esta especie. El objetivo de esta revisión es ilustrar las principales causas y etiología de la resistencia a la insulina así como examinar el progreso actual que demuestra esta patología en caballos. Investigaciones futuras deben estudiar el efecto de nutrientes sobre la expresión de genes relacionados con el metabolismo de energía bajo esta condición fisiopatológica. [EN]: In horses, insulin resistance is associated with several comorbidities such as obesity, laminitis, colic and osteochondrosis. The multifactorial causes of insulin resistance in horses have been addressed, which include genetic and environmental factors. As a consequence of these factors, the cellular signaling pathways responsible for insulin synthesis, the glucose intake in target cells of peripheral tissues and other related processes (e.g., adipocytokine signaling pathways) are affected. In response to insulin, changes in gene expression occur, which are required for the integration of an entire network of metabolic and physiological responses in different organs. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were the particular focus of studies in recent years, mostly in humans. The PPARs are the primary transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. They have a direct effect on the expression of the genes involved in glucid homeostasis and were recently associated with type-2 diabetes. A molecular framework to define the insulin-related pathologies has not been developed for horses. Additionally, the establishment of a proper diagnosis of insulin resistance is fundamental in this species. The aims of this review were to discuss the etiology to identify the primary causes of insulin resistance and to examine the current progress in understanding this pathology in horses. Future research should study how nutrients modulate the expression of genes related to energy metabolism under the physiopathological condition of insulin resistance. Peer reviewed

Country
Chile
Keywords

Tecnología, Insulin resistance, 600, Nutrición equina, PPAR-gamma, insulin resistance, resistencia a la insulina, Equine nutrition

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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