Priogymnanthus colombianus, a new species and the first record of the South American genus of Oleaceae for Colombia is described and illustrated also we present a dichotomic key for the known species of genus. The new species differs from the three knowns for Priogymnanthus by: leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, completely glabrous, petioles 10–17 (19) mm; inflorescences 15–20 (25) mm in length, with glabrous rachis, anthers about 3 mm length; fruits (10) 12–15 mm in diameter. P. colombianus occurs on premontane and dry forest in Colombia between 719 and 1213 m of elevation. Based on general threats to its ecosystems and few records found, we categorize the species as EN (endangered) following IUCN criteria.