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Global patterns of marine biodiversity and the potential impact of climate change

Authors: Boavida-Portugal, Joana;

Global patterns of marine biodiversity and the potential impact of climate change

Abstract

[POR] As espécies marinhas são altamente suscetíveis às alterações climáticas, como demonstrado em numerosos estudos. Porém muitos desses estudos focam-se num número reduzido de espécies ou numa determinada área geográfica (local ou regional). Neste contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo investigar os padrões globais de biodiversidade marinha e projetar como estes poderão estar modificados no final do século. Este trabalho constitui a primeira abordagem macroecológica que investiga, numa escala global, os impactos das alterações climáticas em taxa marinhos com alto interesse económico, como lagostas (125 espécies), cefalópodes (161 espécies) e pequenos peixes pelágicos (103 espécies). Os padrões globais de biodiversidade marinha para todos os taxa analisados mostram maior riqueza na zona dos trópicos e menor número de espécies nas maiores latitudes. No entanto, estes padrões podem sofrer modificações significativas até ao final do século verificando-se uma tendência generalizada das espécies migrarem para latitudes maiores de forma a encontrarem refúgio em áreas com boa adequação ambiental. Os modelos usados nesta tese (modelos de nicho ecológico) projetam alterações significativas na distribuição das espécies analisadas, com impactos profundos na riqueza e abundância em áreas vitais para a saúde dos oceanos e para as pescas, a longo prazo. Esta dissertação representa um contributo importante para o conhecimento dos padrões globais da biodiversidade nos oceanos futuros. Servindo os seus resultados para orientar estudos pormenorizados em áreas de risco elevado ou com espécies mais vulneráveis e informar a tomada de decisões com vista a proteção de espécies marinhas com elevado valor económico e ambiental. Contudo, atendendo aos efeitos das alterações climáticas já sentidos nos oceanos, é crucial avaliar a capacidade de adaptação destas espécies e encontrar modelos híbridos que melhor nos permitam orientar medidas de gestão e conservação futuras.

[EN] Marine species are highly susceptible to climate change as demonstrated by several studies. However, most of these studies focus on few species or on restricted geographical areas. Within this context, the main goal of my dissertation is to characterize global patterns and forecast the effects of climate change on marine biodiversity. This work is the first macroecological approach to investigate the effects of climate change in the marine realm on key commercial marine groups, namely coastal lobsters (125 species), cephalopods (161 species) and small pelagic fish (103 species). Here I aimed to improve our understanding of how projected changes in species distribution might affect key marine species diversity, body size, assemblage composition, variations in catch, and finally infer on the potential impacts for fisheries worldwide. Using Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) the projected global diversity patterns of the analyzed species generally showed higher values in tropical areas and lower values in higher latitudes. Nonetheless, these patterns were projected to change significantly by the end of the century, with a general tendency of species tracking adequate habitat suitability to higher latitudes. The results obtained provide critical information to anticipate negative impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity and should be considered in future studies, as they highlight climate hot-spot areas or with highly vulnerable species. Ultimately, it is crucial to evaluate species adaptation potential and develop hybrid models that better can guide future political decisions on conservation and management measures.

Universidade de Évora - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada -Programa de Doutoramento em Biologia; 5 capítulos; 125 pp.

Keywords

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, Cephalopods, Small pelagic fishes, Ecological niche modelling, Climate change, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13, Marine biodiversity, Macroecology, Lobsters

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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