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[Objectives]: To describe the characteristics and clinical differences between institutionalised patients and those included in a home care program. [Design]: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and multicentre study. Site Seville, 2016. [Study subjects]: A total 1857 elderly patients of similar characteristics (1441 institutionalised and 416 at home) in Seville in 2016. [Measurements]: The variables studied included gender, age, civil status, family support, pathologies, multiple pathology criteria, and medication prescriptions. Functional and cognitive status was evaluated using the Barthel index, and the Lawton-Brody and Pfeiffer scales. [Results]: The majority of patients (71.40%) were women. The fact of being institutionalised or being included in a home care program were statistically related to the following pathologies and categories: schizophrenia (p < .001), arterial hypertension (p = .012), diabetes mellitus (p = .001), atrial fibrillation (p < .001), and neoplasia (p = .012), A1 (p = .012), A2 (p < .001), B1 (p < .001), B2 (p = .002), C (p < .001), E1 (p < .001), E3 (p = .01), F2 (p < .01), G2 (p = .024), and H (p = .005). The mean Barthel index of the sample was 49.1 ± 34.45 (95% confidence interval: 47.49-50.7). The mean Lawton-Brody scale in the case of patients included the home care program was 2.33 ± 2.49 and in those institutionalised 1.59 ± 2.12. The mean Pfeiffer scale was 4.93 ± 3.53. [Conclusions]: Cognitive impairment was related to institutionalisation, being a result of possible neurological (E3 category) and psychiatric diseases. On the other hand, patient comorbidity was not related to it, because it is very high in patients included in a home care program, in whom functional and cognitive independency status is better.
[ES]: [Objetivo]: Conocer las características y las diferencias clínicas entre pacientes institucionalizados y los de programas de atención domiciliaria. [Diseño]: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal multicéntrico. Emplazamiento Sevilla, 2016. [Participantes] Un total de 1.857 pacientes ancianos (1.441 institucionalizados y 416 en domicilio). [Mediciones]: Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad, estado civil, apoyo familiar, patologías, criterios de pluripatología y fármacos. Se valoraron el estado funcional y el cognitivo mediante las escalas de Barthel, Lawton-Brody y Pfeiffer. [Resultados]: Un 71,40% fueron mujeres. Estadísticamente el hecho de estar institucionalizados o vivir en el domicilio se relaciona con las siguientes patologías y categorías: esquizofrenia (p < 0,001), HTA (p = 0,012), DM (p = 0,001), FA (p< 0,001) y neoplasias (p = 0, 012), A1 (p = 0,012), A2 (p < 0,001), B1 (p < 0,001), B2 (p = 0,002), C (p < 0,001), E1 (p < 0,001), E3 (p = 0,01), F2 (p < 0,01), G2 (p = 0,024) y H (p = 0,005). El promedio del índice de Barthel de la muestra fue de 49,1 ± 34,45 (IC 95%: 47,49-50,7), el de Lawton-Brody en domicilio fue de 2,33 ± 2,49 y en institucionalizados, de 1,59 ± 2,12. La media de la escala de Pfeiffer fue de 4,93 ± 3,53. [Conclusiones]: Se asocia con la institucionalización el deterioro cognitivo, consecuencia de posibles patologías neurológicas (categoría E3) y psiquiátricas. Por el contrario, no se asocia con la comorbilidad del paciente, puesto que es muy elevada en pacientes en situación de atención domiciliaria con mejores estados de independencia funcional y cognitivo.
Sociedad Andaluza de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria a través de la Beca Samfyc Isabel Fernández.
Male, Institucionalización, Anciano, Enfermedad crónica, Dependency, Institutionalization, Comorbidity, Home Care Services, Chronic disease, Home nursing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Atención domiciliaria, Chronic diseases, Dependencia, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Female, Ancianos, Aged
Male, Institucionalización, Anciano, Enfermedad crónica, Dependency, Institutionalization, Comorbidity, Home Care Services, Chronic disease, Home nursing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Atención domiciliaria, Chronic diseases, Dependencia, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Female, Ancianos, Aged
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