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Araucaria
Article . 2008
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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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La discapacidad dentro del enfoque de capacidades y funcionamientos de Amartya Sen

Authors: Toboso-Martín, Mario; Arnau Ripollés, Mª Soledad;

La discapacidad dentro del enfoque de capacidades y funcionamientos de Amartya Sen

Abstract

[ES] En este artículo se describen primeramente los tres modelos tradicionales que a lo largo de la Historia han servido a la sociedad como marco para el tratamiento de la discapacidad: el modelo de prescindencia, el modelo medico-rehabilitador (o asistencial) y el modelo social. Se incluye, además, la descripción del recién planteado modelo de la diversidad. Tras ello, se describen los elementos esenciales del enfoque de capacidades y funcionamientos de Amartya Sen y su relación con los logros de bienestar, calidad de vida y libertad por parte de las personas. A continuación se exponen las dos clasificaciones de la OMS que abordan la cuestión de la discapacidad: la Clasificación Internacional de Deficiencias, Discapacidades y Minusvalías (CIDDM), de 1980, y la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF), de 2001. La noción de discapacidad se introduce en el enfoque de capacidades y funcionamientos a raíz de la importancia que otorga Sen a la diversidad de características propias y externas de las personas a la hora de valorar la desigualdad en el logro de funcionamientos valiosos. Nuestra propuesta es que el “conjunto capacidad” (que es el formado por todos los funcionamientos al alcance de la persona, y que así engloba sus diferentes formas y estilos de vida posibles) no debe limitarse a recoger el conjunto de funcionamientos posibles de una persona “normal”, sino que debería ampliar su marco para dar cabida igualmente a los funcionamientos diversos posibles para otras personas, al margen de esa ficción de “normalidad”. Esta propuesta, es plenamente coherente con la importancia de la diversidad de las características humanas y circunstancias ambientales en el planteamiento de Amartya Sen, y de hecho lo amplía al incorporar esa misma diversidad en el conjunto de funcionamientos posibles que constituyen el conjunto capacidad de la persona.

[EN] In this article there are described firstly three traditional models that along the History have served the society as frame for the treatment of disability: the model of exclusion, the medical-rehabilitating (or welfare) model and the social model. It is included, besides, the description of the recently presented model of diversity. After it, there are described the essential elements of the approach of capabilities and functionings of Amartya Sen, and their relation with the achievements of well-being, quality of life and freedom of the persons. Later, there are exposed both classifications of the WHO that approach the question of the disability: the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH), of 1980, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), of 2001. The notion of disability is introduced in the focus of capabilities and functionings because of the importance that Sen grants to the diversity of external and own characteristics of people when inequality in the achievement of valuable functionings is valued. Our proposal is that the "capability set" (that is the formed by all the functionings within reach of the person, and that thus includes its different forms and possible ways of life) should not be limited to collect the assembly of possible functionings of a “normal” person, but should expand its framework to give room equally to the possible diverse functionings for other persons, to the margin of that fiction of “normality”. This proposal, is fully coherent with the importance of the diversity of the human characteristics and environmental circumstances in Amartya Sen’s approach, and in fact expands it upon incorporating that same diversity in the assembly of possible functionings that constitute the capability set of the person.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Disability - Model of exclusion - Medical model - Social model - Model of diversity - Functional diversity - World Health Organization - Amartya Sen - Capabilities - Functionings - Capability set, discapacidad, funcionamientos, B1-5802, modelo de la diversidad, J, modelo de prescindencia, modelo social, diversidad funcional, capacidades, conjunto capacidad, AZ20-999, modelo médico, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philosophy (General), Discapacidad - Modelo de prescindencia - Modelo médico - Modelo social - Modelo de la diversidad - Diversidad funcional - Organización Mundial de la Salud - Amartya Sen - Capacidades - Funcionamientos - Conjunto capacidad, Political science, organización mundial de la salud

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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