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Soil health -- a new challenge for microbiologists and chemists.

Authors: Arias, M Enriqueta; Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A; Gonzalez-Vila, Francisco J; Ball, Andrew Stephen;

Soil health -- a new challenge for microbiologists and chemists.

Abstract

[ES]: El concepto de salud del suelo se relaciona con las características biológicas, químicas y físicas que son esenciales para una productividad agrícola sostenible a largo plazo con un mínimo impacto ambiental. La salud del suelo es el más fiel reflejo de su funcionalidad. Aunque no puede medirse directamente, se puede inferir a partir de la determinación de propiedades específicas del mismo suelo (p.e. el contenido en materia orgánica) y por la observación de su estado (p.e. la fertilidad). El interés por el estudio de los microorganismos del suelo en su propio medio está aumentando, puesto que la diversidad microbiana está estrechamente relacionada con la estructura y función del suelo. Un objetivo clave para determinar la salud de un suelo es la disponibilidad de indicadores factibles de ser utilizados en la evaluación de su estado y, a partir de aquí, implementar sistemas de agricultura sostenible. El desarrollo de biomarcadores específicos y sondas macromoleculares ha evolucionado considerablemente en los últimos años, lo cual ha permitido obtener medidas fiables y rápidas de las comunidades microbianas del suelo. Por otro lado, las modernas técnicas biomoleculares más recientes (p.e. la hibridación in situ mediante fluorescencia [FISH], la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa mediante transcriptasa inversa [RT-PCR], la electroforesis en gel con gradiente desnaturalizante [DGGE] y el análisis del polimorfismo en la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción terminales [T-RFLP]) permiten analizar la biodiversidad y actividad microbianas, mientras que la aplicación de técnicas analíticas modernas (p.e. resonancia magnética nuclear [NMR], pirólisis-cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas [Py-GC-MS]) proporciona datos sobre la química del suelo. La combinación de estas dos aproximaciones metodológicas ofrece buenas perspectivas en la determinación del estado de salud del suelo.

[EN]: Soil health refers to the biological, chemical, and physical features of soil that are essential to long-term, sustainable agricultural productivity with minimal environmental impact. Thus, soil health provides an overall picture of soil functionality. Although it cannot be measured directly, soil health can be inferred by measuring specific soil properties (e.g. organic matter content) and by observing soil status (e.g. fertility). There is also increased interest in studying soil microorganisms in their particular environments, as microbial diversity is intimately related to soil structure and function. One of the key objectives in determining soil health is to acquire indicators that can be used to evaluate the soil’s current status and hence to develop sustainable agricultural systems. In this regard, significant progress has been made over the last few years in the development of specific biomarkers and macromolecular probes, enabling rapid and reliable measurements of soil microbial communities. In addition, modern molecular biological techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), have facilitated the analysis of microbial biodiversity and activity, whereas the application of modern analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and pyrolysisgas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), have provided data on soil chemistry. The combination of these two approaches offers promise in determining soil health status.

Peer reviewed

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Australia
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Keywords

métodos analíticos, Biological Availability, salud del suelo, molecular methods, saúde do solo, Microbial indicators, Soil, 1108 Medical Microbiology, Soil health, Analytical methods, Organic Chemicals, Soil Microbiology, indicadores microbianos, 0602 Ecology, soil health, Bacteria, indicadores químicos, chemical indicators, Biodiversity, Molecular methods, métodos moleculares, analytical methods, Genetic Techniques, microbial indicators, Environmental Pollutants, Indicators and Reagents, Chemical indicators, 0605 Microbiology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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