To analyse the correlation and concordance between aCD4, CD4%, CD4/CD8, their intra-patient variability, and to compare the immune recovery (IR) rates based on the three parameters in HIV-infected patients after starting antiretroviral therapy.From a prospectively followed cohort, patients who maintained HIV-RNA suppression in ≥95% of the determinations throughout the follow-up were selected. IR was defined as aCD4 >650/μl, CD4% ≥38% or CD4/CD8 ≥1.A total of 1164 patients with a median follow-up of 5 years were analysed. The increases in aCD4, CD4% and CD4/CD8 were highest during the first year and considerably lower thereafter regardless of baseline aCD4. The annual increases in aCD4 showed poor correlations with those of CD4% (r = 0.143-0.250) and CD4/CD8 (r = 0.101-0.192) but were high between CD4% and CD4/CD8 (r = 0.765-0.844; p650/μl, CD4% ≥38%, and CD4/CD8 ≥1, respectively, while only 31% achieved both aCD4 and CD4/CD8 target values.The increases in aCD4 poorly correlate with those of CD4% and CD4/CD8. IR rates based on aCD4 significantly overstate those obtained by CD4% and CD4/CD8. CD4% and CD4/CD8 are more stable markers than aCD4 and should be taken into account to monitor the IR after treatment initiation.