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Generic boundaries and evolution of characters in the Arctium group: a nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis

Authors: A. Susanna; N. Garcia-Jacas; R. Vilatersana; T. Garnatje;

Generic boundaries and evolution of characters in the Arctium group: a nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis

Abstract

Definir los límites genéricos en el grupo Arctium (Compositae, Carduceae-Carduinae), formado por los géneros Arctium, Cousinia, Hypacanthium y Schamalhausenia, ha resultado ser una tarea muy complicada. Concretamente, la separación precisa de Arctium y Cousinia es muy difícil de establecer. En consecuencia, hemos analizado las secuencias del DNA de dos regiones, el gen cloroplástico matK y los espaciadores ITS 1 y 2 del DNA ribosómico-nuclear de una amplia representación de todos los géneros del grupo: en el caso de Cousinia, centrándonos en las especies más obviamente relacionadas con Arctiium, hemos encontrado una correlación exacta entre filogenia molecular y dos caracteres fundamentales, el tipo de polen y el número cromosómico: todas las especies estudiadas que tienen el tipo de polen Arctiastrum y el número x= 18, característicos de Arctium sensu stricto, forman un clado monofilético, hermano de del clado monofilético formado por las especies de Cousinia sensu suicto. Sin embargo. el ciado "Arctioide" no se puede definir con caracteres morfológicos macroscópicos: el carácter que separa Arctium y Cousinia son las hojas espinoso·pinnatifidas o pinnatisectas de Cousinia, que es adaptativo y tiene poca relevancia taxonómica. Según nuestros resultados, las espinas habrían aparecido en dos linajes diferentes: en Cousinia, por una parte, y en Hypacanthium y Schamalhausenia, que son espinosos y morfológicamente más próximos a Cousinia, pero que están sin duda más relacionados con Arctium, inerme. Evaluamos también las implicaciones de esta incongruencia entre morfología, por un lado, y datos moleculares, palinológicos y cariológicos, por otro. Proponemos algunas soluciones, pero ninguna es totalmente satisfactoria: se necesitan más estudios que incluyan más especies de Cousinia subg. Hypacanthodes.

Keywords

Compositae, Hypacanthium, evolución, QH301-705.5, Schmalhausenia, Botany, Schamalhausenia, Filogenia molecular, Arctium, Cousinia, Evolución, compositae, QK1-989, arctium, cousinia, evolution, hypacanthium, schamalhausenia, filogenia molecular, Biology (General), molecular phylogeny

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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