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Barley Types and Varieties in Spain: A Historical Overview

Authors: Martínez Moreno, Fernando Bienvenido; Igartua Arregui, Ernesto; Solís Martel, Ignacio;

Barley Types and Varieties in Spain: A Historical Overview

Abstract

[EN] Barley is currently the most cultivated crop in Spain, with an acreage of about three million ha. Its importance stems from its adaptation to areas with poor soil conditions and water stress. The aim of this work is to describe the historical evolution of barley types and varieties of barley grown by farmers in Spain. A historical review was performed by consulting articles and books on the history, archaeology, and agronomy related to the issue. Different web sites and articles about the current varietal state of barley in Spain were also consulted. Another important information source was the CRF (Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos, Spanish Center of Plant Genetic Resources) of Spain, where a large collection of landraces is preserved. The first barleys came to Spain approximately 7600 years BP. The crop spread throughout the country, and the cultivation of barley was reported by the Romans, Arabs, Castilians, and Spaniards. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the first attempt at classification was carried out. Until the 1940s, most barley acreage was sown with ancient landraces, but from that period up to the present, a steady varietal renovation occurred. The history of barley types and varieties in Spain is rich, and an extensive set of landraces is preserved in seed banks. These landraces contain genes for resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

[ES] La cebada es actualmente el cultivo más sembrado en España con cerca de tres millones de ha. Su importancia es debida a su adaptación a zonas con suelos pobres y falta de agua. Este trabajo trata de describir la evolución histórica de tipos y variedades de cebada en España desde su llegada hasta la actualidad. Se ha realizado una revisión histórica consultando artículos de revistas de historia, arqueología y agronomía así como libros sobre el mismo tema. También se han consultado artículos y páginas web sobre la situación varietal actual del cultivo. Otra fuente de información importante la proporcionó el CRF (Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos de España) donde se conserva una gran colección de variedades locales de cebadas españolas. Las primeras cebadas llegaron a España hace unos 7600 años. El cultivo se extendió y es descrito por romanos, árabes, castellanos y españoles. A principios del siglo XIX se producen el primer intento de clasificación. Hasta la década de 1940 la mayor parte de la superficie se sembraba con variedades locales, pero desde entonces ha habido una renovación varietal continua. La historia de la evolución de variedades de cebada españolas es rica y disponemos de una gran colección de variedades locales conservadas en bancos de germoplasma. Algunas de estas contienes genes de resistencia a estreses bióticos y abióticos.

E. Igartua acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, INIA grant RFP2012-00015-00-00, cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund.

12 Pags.- 1 Tabl.- 3 Figs. Todo el contenido de este art. está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

mejora vegetal, cebada, landraces, plant genetic resources, recursos fitogenéticos, Cebada, Landraces, variedades locales, varieties, Barley, plant breeding, variedades

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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