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Mitigating accidental amphibian and reptile deaths in arid environments by restricting access to cisterns: an effective technique

Authors: Fahd, Soumia; Caro, Jesús; Santos, Xavier; Sicilia, Marisa; Pleguezuelos, Juan M.;

Mitigating accidental amphibian and reptile deaths in arid environments by restricting access to cisterns: an effective technique

Abstract

[ES]: Una de las mayores amenazas para la biodiversidad es el desarrollo de infraestructuras. El impacto que producen y las medidas de mitigación asociadas están convirtiéndose en un foco en la investigación para la conservación. En el noroeste del Sahara, los aljibes para abrevar ganado se están expandiendo de forma imparable. Estas infraestructuras atraen fauna desértica y tienen una capacidad indiscriminada para atrapar los vertebrados de las zonas circundantes. Se estima que casi medio millón de individuos de anfibios y reptiles (herpetos), pertenecientes al menos a 39 especies, anualmente quedan atrapados y mueren en los aljibes de un área de 115 000 km2. En este escenario catastrófico, hemos evaluado un método para reducir el impacto de los aljibes como trampas mortales para los herpetos. En tres diferentes localidades del noroeste del Sahara manejamos 36 aljibes mediante el vallado de las entradas. Estos aljibes y el mismo número de aljibes no manejados (control) fueron muestreados entre dos y cuatro veces, desde noviembre de 2014 hasta mayo de 2016. El objetivo era evaluar la eficacia de esta medida de mitigación mediante la comparación del número de especies y de individuos de herpetos atrapados en aljibes manejados y control. En conjunto, contamos 96 herpetos pertenecientes a 16 especies atrapados dentro de aljibes control, y 32 herpetos (un tercio) pertenecientes a 10 especies atrapados dentro de aljibes manejados. Los aljibes control atraparon herpetos más frecuentemente que los manejados (36,6% vs 16,6%). En un análisis multivariante, los mejores modelos que explicaban el número de especies y de individuos de herpetos atrapados dentro de los aljibes, incluían como variable predictora solo la condición de manejo, y este manejo (el vallado de los orificios) redujo el impacto de los aljibes en los herpetos. Los herpetos atrapados en los aljibes control eran de mayor tamaño corporal (medido a partir de la anchura de la cabeza) que los herpetos atrapados en aljibes manejados, y de mayor vulnerabilidad a la extinción. Además, los pastores locales fueron receptivos a esta medida de mitigación, porque también contribuía positivamente a la calidad del agua almacenada. Concluimos que en ambientes áridos el vallado de los orificios de los aljibes mediante malla metálica es una medida efectiva en la mitigación de la mortalidad de herpetos (y de numerosos mamíferos y aves).

[EN]: One of the major threats to biodiversity is the development of infrastructures. The impacts that they produce and associated mitigations are becoming a focus of research in conservation. In northwestern Sahara, water cisterns are increasingly spreading for watering livestock. These infrastructures attract desert fauna and have an indiscriminate capacity to trap vertebrates from surrounding areas. It is estimated that close to half a million of individuals pertaining at least to 39 amphibian and reptile (herps) species and are annually trapped and died in water cisterns within an area of 115 000 km2. In this catastrophic scenario, we have assessed a method for reducing the impact of water cisterns as death trap for herps. We managed 36 cisterns by fencing the entrances in three different areas of north-western Sahara. These water cisterns and the same number of non-managed (control) cisterns were surveyed twofour times, from November 2014 to May 2016. The objective was to assess the efficacy of our mitigation measure by comparing the number of species and of individuals of trapped herps between managed and control cisterns. We counted 96 herps pertaining to 16 species trapped within control cisterns, and 32 herps (one third) pertaining to 10 species trapped within managed ones. As a whole, control cisterns trapped herps more frequently that the managed ones (36.6% vs 16.6%). In a multivariate approach the best model explaining the number of species and of individuals of herps trapped within cisterns included as predictor only the management condition and fencing water cisterns slits reduced the impact of water cisterns on herps. Herps trapped in control water cisterns showed larger body size (as measured by head width) than herps trapped in managed water cisterns, and were of higher conservation concern. Moreover, local shepherds are amenable to this mitigation measure, because it contributes to the quality of the stored water. We concluded that in arid environments fencing slits of water cisterns by wire mesh is an effective mitigation measure for reducing mortality of herps (and that of numerous mammals and birds).

Resumen del trabajo presentado al XIV Congreso Luso-Español de Herpetología y XVIII Congreso Español de Herpetología: "Retos de la Herpetología en el siglo XXI", celebrado en Lleida (España) del 5 al 8 de octubre de 2016.-- et al.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Italian National Biodiversity Future Center