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doi: 10.2307/2215162
handle: 10261/14015
[ES] Viejos argumentos dialécticos muestran que la autoidentidad es falsa. Tales argumentos hállanse reforzados por enfoques difusos de nuestro tiempo, que desembocan en la misma conclusión. Lo difuso, en lugar de imponernos abandonar los principios de tercio excluso y no contradicción, lo que hace es implicar esos principios, pero también, a la vez, negaciones de algunas de sus instancias respectivas. Así es menester debilitar la lógica clásica, distinguiendo dos negaciones: una simple y una reforzada o supernegación. El silogismo disyuntivo sólo vale para ésta última. Por lo tanto, hay verdades mutuamente contradictorias, incluyendo la autodistinción y la autoidentidad. Nuestra línea de razonamiento nos lleva arechazar la regla de maximalidad, que quiere que sólo se repute verdadero lo plenamente verdadero; en su lugar abrazamos la regla de apencamiento, para la cual cuanto no sea del todo falso es verdadero.
[EN] Old dialectical arguments show that self-identity is false. Those arguments find themselves reinforced by contemporary fuzzy approaches, which yield the same conclusion. Fuzziness, instead of enjoining the rejection of the principles of excluded middle and noncontradiction, entails those principles, even though it also entails negations of some instances thereof. Thus, classical logic needs to be weakened, by distinguishing simple negation from strong negation or overnegation. Disjunctive syllogism is only valid for the latter. So, there may be mutually contradictory truths -- including both self-identity and self-distinction. That line of argument leads to rejecting the maximality rule, according to which only altogether true sentences are true, and embracing instead the rule of endorsement, which means that whatever is more or less true is true
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Principio de tercio excluso, Degrees of falseness, Grados de falsedad, Autoidentidad, Principle of excluded middle, Self-identity, Argumentos dialécticos, Dialectical arguments
Principio de tercio excluso, Degrees of falseness, Grados de falsedad, Autoidentidad, Principle of excluded middle, Self-identity, Argumentos dialécticos, Dialectical arguments
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