Planckintermediate results

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint , Other literature type 30 Sep 2015Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2014 United States, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, France, Spain, France, Italy, Italy, Italy, France, Italy, Norway, Netherlands, France, France, France, Denmark, France, France, Italy, Italy, Italy, United Kingdom, Italy, Ireland, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Denmark Publisher:EDP SciencesJournal:Astronomy & Astrophysics, volume 582, page A31 (issn: 0004-6361, eissn: 1432-0746,

Copyright policy )Publicly funded

Authors: Planck, [Unknown]; Collaborations, Fermi; Ade, P A R; Aghanim, N; Aniano, G; Arnaud, M; Ashdown, M; +193 Authors

Planck, [Unknown]; Collaborations, Fermi; Ade, P A R; Aghanim, N; Aniano, G; Arnaud, M; Ashdown, M; Aumont, J; Baccigalupi, C; Banday, A J; Barreiro, R B; Bartolo, N; Battaner, E; Benabed, K; Benoit-L√©vy, A; Bernard, J-P; Bersanelli, M; Bielewicz, P; Bonaldi, A; Bonavera, L; Bond, J R; Borrill, J; Bouchet, F R; Boulanger, F; Burigana, C; Butler, R C; Calabrese, E; Cardoso, J-F; Casandjian, J M; Catalano, A; Chamballu, A; Chiang, H C; Christensen, P R; Colombo, L P L; Combet, C; Couchot, F; Crill, B P; Curto, A; Cuttaia, F; Danese, L; Davies, R D; Davis, R J; de Bernardis, P; de Rosa, A; de Zotti, G; Delabrouille, J; D√©sert, F-X; Dickinson, C; Diego, J M; Digel, S W; Dole, H; Donzelli, S; Dor√©, O; Douspis, M; Ducout, A; Dupac, X; Efstathiou, G; Elsner, F; En√ülin, T A; Eriksen, H K; Falgarone, E; Finelli, F; Forni, O; Frailis, M; Fraisse, A A; Franceschi, E; Frejsel, A; Fukui, Y; Galeotta, S; Galli, S; Ganga, K; Ghosh, T; Giard, M; Gjerl√∏w, E; Gonz√°lez-Nuevo, J; G√≥rski, K M; Gregorio, A; Grenier, I A; Gruppuso, A; Hansen, F K; Hanson, D; Harrison, D L; Henrot-Versill√©, S; Hern√°ndez-Monteagudo, C; Herranz, D; Hildebrandt, S R; Hivon, E; Hobson, M; Holmes, W A; Hovest, W; Huffenberger, K M; Hurier, G; Jaffe, A H; Jaffe, T R; Jones, W C; Juvela, M; Keih√§nen, E; Keskitalo, R; Kisner, T S; Kneissl, R; Knoche, J; Kunz, M; Kurki-Suonio, H; Lagache, G; Lamarre, J-M; Lasenby, A; Lattanzi, M; Lawrence, C R; Leonardi, R; Levrier, F; Liguori, M; Lilje, P B; Linden-V√∏rnle, M; L√≥pez-Caniego, M; Lubin, P M; Mac√≠as-P√©rez, J F; Maffei, B; Maino, D; Mandolesi, N; Maris, M; Marshall, D J; Martin, P G; Mart√≠nez-Gonz√°lez, E; Masi, S; Matarrese, S; Mazzotta, P; Melchiorri, A; Mendes, L; Mennella, A; Migliaccio, M; Miville-Desch√™nes, M-A; Moneti, A; Montier, L; Morgante, G; Mortlock, D; Munshi, D; Murphy, J A; Naselsky, P; Natoli, P; N√∏rgaard-Nielsen, H U; Novikov, D; Novikov, I; Oxborrow, C A; Pagano, L; Pajot, F; Paladini, R; Paoletti, D; Pasian, F; Perdereau, O; Perotto, L; Perrotta, F; Pettorino, V; Piacentini, F; Piat, M; Plaszczynski, S; Pointecouteau, E; Polenta, G; Popa, L; Pratt, G W; Prunet, S; Puget, J-L; Rachen, J P; Reach, W T; Rebolo, R; Reinecke, M; Remazeilles, M; Renault, C; Ristorcelli, I; Rocha, G; Roudier, G; Rusholme, B; Sandri, M; Santos, D; Scott, D; Spencer, L D; Stolyarov, V; Strong, A W; Sudiwala, R; Sunyaev, R; Sutton, D; Suur-Uski, A-S; Sygnet, J-F; Tauber, J A; Terenzi, L; Tibaldo, L; Toffolatti, L; Tomasi, M; Tristram, M; Tucci, M; Umana, G; Valenziano, L; Valiviita, J; Van Tent, B; Vielva, P; Villa, F; Wade, L A; Wandelt, B D; Wehus, I K; Yvon, D; Zacchei, A;

doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201424955 , 10.48550/arxiv.1409.3268

arXiv: 1409.3268

handle: 10651/36384 , 10261/140140 , https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/147339 , 11368/2869949 , 10852/48394 , 2066/147339 , 2434/387637 , 11858/00-001M-0000-0029-3D60-9 , 11858/00-001M-0000-0029-3D5E-2 , 11858/00-001M-0000-0029-3D5B-8 , 11858/00-001M-0000-0029-3D59-C , 11577/3170522 , 2108/177887 , 11573/1470085 , 11392/2334558 , 20.500.11767/12757 , 10044/1/44006

Planckintermediate results

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Abstract

Shortened abstract: Observations of the nearby Chamaeleon clouds in gamma rays with the Fermi Large Area Telescope and in thermal dust emission with Planck and IRAS have been used with the HI and CO radio data to (i) map the gas column densities in the different phases and at the dark neutral medium (DNM) transition between the HI-bright and CO-bright media; (ii) constrain the CO-to-$H_2$ conversion factor, $X_{CO}$; (iii) probe the dust properties per gas nucleon in each gas phase and spatially across the clouds. We have separated clouds in velocity in HI and CO emission and modelled the 0.4-100 GeV intensity, the dust optical depth at 353 GHz, the thermal radiance of the large grains, and an estimate of the dust extinction empirically corrected for the starlight intensity, $A_{VQ}$. The gamma-ray emissivity spectra confirm that the GeV-TeV cosmic rays uniformly permeate all gas phases up to the CO cores. The dust and cosmic rays reveal large amounts of DNM gas, with comparable spatial distributions and twice as much mass as in the CO-bright clouds. We give constraints on the HI-DNM-CO transitions and CO-dark $H_2$ fractions for separate clouds. The corrected extinction provides the best fit to the total gas traced by the gamma rays, but we find evidence for a rise in $A_{VQ}/N_H$ and a steep rise in opacity, with increasing $N_H$ and $H_2$ fraction, and with decreasing dust temperature. We observe less variations for the specific power of the grains, except for a decline by half in the CO cores. This combined information suggests grain evolution. The gamma rays and dust radiance yield consistent $X_{CO}$ estimates near $0.7\times10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ (K km/s)$^{-1}$. The other dust tracers yield biased values because of the grain opacity rise in the CO clouds. These results also confirm a factor of 2 difference between $X_{CO}$ estimates at pc and kpc scales.

32 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

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United States, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, France, Spain, France, Italy, Italy, Italy, France, Italy, Norway, Netherlands, France, France, France, Denmark, France, France, Italy, Italy, Italy, United Kingdom, Italy, Ireland, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Denmark

Related Organizations

University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
United States
Space Sciences Laboratory
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Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
University of Manchester
United Kingdom
University of Helsinki
Finland

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Keywords

550, [SDU.ASTR.HE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy, Cosmic rays; dust, extinction; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: structure; local insterstellar matter, GALACTIC PLANE, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, 510, cosmic ray, QB, astro-ph.HE, Gamma rays: ISM, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), extinction, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.GA] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], 520, Physical Sciences, MILKY-WAY, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], dust, extinction, dust, [SDU.ASTR.GA] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ISM: structure; gamma rays: ISM; cosmic rays; dust, extinction; local insterstellar matter, local insterstellar matter, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], INFRARED-EMISSION, DATA RELEASE, astro-ph.GA, Local insterstellar matter, ISM: structure, FOS: Physical sciences, Structure [ISM], Settore FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Astronomy & Astrophysics, DARK GAS, 530, COSMIC-RAY, cosmic rays; dust, extinction; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: structure; local insterstellar matter; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science, gamma rays: ISM, CO-TO-H-2 CONVERSION FACTOR, cosmic rays, ISM [Gamma rays], Cosmic rays, Dust, extinction, Science & Technology, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), MOLECULAR CLOUDS, structure [ISM], GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR.HE] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]

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