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handle: 10261/134904
[CAT] L’anàlisi de la morfologia dels organismes ha estat una disciplina clau dins la comunitat científica des dels inicis del segle XX, quan va començar a establir-se una relació directa entre el fenotip (característiques anatòmiques) dels organismes i les condicions ambientals del seu entorn (Allen, 1907; Thompson, 1917; Bock and von Wahlert 1965). L’estudi de la variabilitat morfològica entre espècies va esdevenir un anàlisis essencial a l’hora d’entendre la evolució, adaptacions i estratègies dels organismes dins els ecosistemes on habiten (Bock, 1990). A mitjans de segle XX (anys 1950-1960), el camp científic va experimentar un salt important, quan la morfologia va començar a considerar-se com un component no només lligat a les condicions externes, sinó també com un factor que permetia definir i entendre els rols ecològics i funcionals de les espècies dins els ecosistemes. Els ecòlegs es van veure ràpidament atrets per aquestes idees, ja que els permetien abordar aspectes tradicionalment del seu d’interès, com ara la repartició de recursos o la diferenciació de l’hàbitat, que ajudaven a entendre el funcionament de les comunitats biològiques (Hutchinson, 1959; Keast and Webb, 1966; MacArthur, 1968; Schoener, 1974). En aquest context, aprofitant la creixent relació entre la morfologia i la ecologia de les espècies, un nou concepte (anomenat ecomorfologia; Karr and James, 1975) va ser definit amb l’objectiu d’analitzar les interaccions entre la morfologia de les espècies i els seu entorn dins un context ecològic i evolutiu (Motta et al., 1995a; Douglas and Matthews, 1992; Ricklefs and Miles, 1994). A més, aquestes relacions podien ser analitzades a diferents escales (des d’organismes individuals fins a nivell de comunitats), fet que va permetre que comencés a aplicar-se en estudis d’organització i estructura de comunitats (Gatz, 1979; Winemiller, 1991; Wainwright and Reilly, 1994). […]
[EN] One of the essential principles provided by the Darwin’s theory of natural selection is that the evolution of organisms and their phenotypic features should be assessed by analyzing the interaction between the anatomical structures of organisms with the external environmental conditions acting on them (Darwin, 1859; Allen, 1907; Thompson, 1917; Bock and von Wahlert 1965). Basing on this premise, since then the study of morphology of organisms attracted high attention within the scientific community, in order to describe and understanding the evolution, adaptations and behaviors of organisms from their morphological and anatomical differences. From its early times, the study of morphology of organisms was focused in descriptive and comparative anatomical analyses used with taxonomical and phylogenic purposes (Bock, 1990). The first references manifesting the relation between the morphology of th species with their surrounding environment appeared at the beginning of the 20 century, suggesting the existence of direct correlations between the phenotype (morphology) and the physic external factors (Allen, 1907), and that this association was the main driver of the evolution of species. This hypothesis was accepted, maintained and incorporated to studies of many scientific branches. In its studies of comparative anatomy from natural observations in the wild, Böker (1935) defined the term “ecological anatomy”, which linked again the morphological features of organisms with the environmental conditions. Other disciplines, such as systematic and genetics, also began to consider these statements in its competences (Dobzhansky, 1937; Mayr, 1942). [...]
The present thesis was conducted within the framework of the projects CONFLICT (Ref. CGL2008-00047) of the Spanish National Research Plans, ESCAL 1 (Ref. PCC30004/99), ESCAL 2 (Ref. 02P30015) of the DG Fisheries of the Government of Catalonia, EMPAFISH (E.U. DG MARE project Ref. 006539), IDEADOS (Ref. CTM2008-04489-C03-03) MAFIA (Ref. CTM2012-39587-C04-03), MEDER, financed by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), and ANTROMARE (Ref. CTM2009-12214-C02-01-MAR), thanks to a pre-doctoral grant from the Government of Andorra (ATC010-AND, academic years 2012-2015)
Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Marc Farré Foix para obtener el título de Doctor por la Universitat de Barcerlona (UB), realizada bajo la dirección del Dr. Víctor Manuel Tuset Andújar y del Dr. Antoni Lombarte Carrera del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 296 pages
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