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Cahiers d’études africaines
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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Representing African Reality through Knotty Terms

Représenter la réalité africaine à travers des « termes épineux »
Authors: Martí, Josep;

Representing African Reality through Knotty Terms

Abstract

[FR] Dans la recherche sur les réalités africaines, les anthropologues doivent très souvent faire face aux difficultés de l’utilisation de certains termes problématiques tels que «ethnique» (dans des expressions comme «musique ethnique», «vêtements ethniques», etc.), «tribu» et ses dérivés, ou «magie» et «sorcellerie». Ces termes sont encore utilisés, mais l’inconfort que de nombreux anthropologues ressentent lorsqu’ils les mobilisent est indéniable; il s’agit, sans aucun doute, de «termes épineux». Dans quelle mesure l’anthropologie africaine peut faire sans ces termes? Comment devons-nous utiliser ces termes, s’il est vraiment impossible d’y renoncer? Voici quelques-unes des questions posées dans cet article, en donnant une importance particulière au terme problématique de «sorcellerie». Il est clair que la pratique anthropologique dans les sociétés africaines est indissociable de la dynamique générale du processus d’altérisation. Comme je le soutiens dans l’article, une partie du problème des «termes épineux» réside dans la façon de nous voir et de traiter les autres par des stratégies d’altérisation telles que la synecdochization, l’exoticisation, la sous-évaluation, la surévaluation, l’incompréhension et l’exclusion. L’intérêt de la réflexion sur la question des «termes épineux» réside dans le fait que bien au-delà de leurs implications épistémologiques pour l’anthropologie, ils possèdent une dimension idéologique importante et donc bien sociale.

[EN] In researching African realities anthropologists very often have to face the difficulty of the use of some very problematic terms such as “ethnic” (in expressions like “ethnic music”, “ethnic clothing”, etc.), “tribe” and derivatives, or “witchcraft” and “sorcery”. Such terms are still used but the discomfort that many anthropologists feel when using them is undeniable; they are, undoubtedly, “knotty terms”. To what extent can African anthropology do without these terms? What must our attitudes regarding these terms be if we really cannot give them up? These are some of the questions I will be addressing in this article, giving special importance to the troublesome term of “witchcraft”. It is clear that anthropological practice in African societies cannot be separated from general dynamics of alterization processes. As I argue in the article, part of the problem of knotty terms lies in the way we view and treat the Other through determined alterization strategies such as synecdochization, exoticization, undervaluation, overvaluation, misunderstanding and exclusion. The interest in reflecting on the “knotty terms” issue lies in the fact that far beyond their epistemological implications for anthropology, they have an important ideological and therefore social dimension as well.

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Keywords

idéologie, épistémologie, sorcellerie, Épistémologie, Epistemology, Terminologie, Witchcraft, terminologie, Termes épineux, Knotty terms, Ideology, Terminology, Anthropologie, anthropologie, Anthropology, Knotty Terms, Sorcellerie, termes épineux, Idéologie

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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