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El biodiésel dentro de la biorrefinería. Nuevas estrategias

Authors: Botella, L.; Bimbela, F.; Ábrego, J.; Gonzalo, A.; Sánchez, J.L.;

El biodiésel dentro de la biorrefinería. Nuevas estrategias

Abstract

[ES] El biodiésel es, junto con el bioetanol, el biocarburante que ha alcanzado un mayor grado de desarrollo y de sustitución de los carburantes fósiles. La producción industrial de biodiésel se realiza mayoritariamente a partir de aceites obtenidos de vegetales oleaginosos, mediante la transesterificación directa de los triglicéridos utilizando metanol, y NaOH o KOH como catalizadores. La incorporación del proceso de producción de biodiésel dentro de una biorrefinería es posible, aunque presenta algunas dificultades técnicas que no están completamente resueltas. Desde organismos políticos, como la Comunidad Económica Europea, se está impulsando la producción de biocombustibles de segunda generación, que utilicen materias primas residuales o no competitivas con la alimentación. Sin embargo, existen todavía importantes barreras tecnológicas que impiden que esta producción sea mayoritaria, como por ejemplo la obtención de un combustible que, generalmente, presenta peores características que cuando se utilizan aceites limpios, o la mayor complejidad de algunas de las etapas del proceso productivo. Además, la creciente producción de glicerina que se genera como subproducto de este proceso, y que ya no puede ser absorbida por un mercado prácticamente saturado, es otro problema de especial importancia. En este trabajo se pretende realizar una descripción de la situación de este sector en España, de los principales problemas que se presentan para su implantación en las biorefinerías, y algunas de las principales contribuciones que desde la comunidad científica se está haciendo para su resolución.

[EN] Biodiésel is, together with bioethanol, the biofuel that has reached a higher level of development and replacement of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is industrially produced from vegetable oils contained in oilseeds and plants by means of direct transesterification of triglycerides, using methanol and NaOH or KOH as catalysts. Although implementing the biodiesel production process within a biorefinery is feasible, some issues still need to be solved. EU regulations support the production of second generation biofuels that do not compete with food production, but there are still significant technical barriers that impede massive biodiesel production using this kind of raw materials. Obtaining a fuel using residues generally has worse characteristics than when clean oils are used as well as the increased complexity of some of the stages of the production process , are some of these barriers. In addition, there is another issue of particular importance, which is the increased production of glycerol that is generated as a byproduct of this process, and can no longer be absorbed by an almost saturated market. This paper aims to briefly describe the situation of this sector in Spain, as well as to identify the main problems encountered for its implementation within a biorefinery concept, and some of the main contributions that the scientific community is doing to solve them.

Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Referencia de Proyecto : CTQ2010-19811). Se agradece asimismo al MICINN la ayuda predoctoral para formación de personal investigador concedida a Lucía Botella (Referencia de Beca: BES-2011-051093). Además, el Grupo de Procesos Termoquímicos es parcialmente financiado por el Gobierno de Aragón y el Fondo Social Europeo (Referencia de Proyecto : T36-Grupo de Procesos Termoquímicos). Por ello, los autores desean expresar su gratitud a todos los organismos anteriormente mencionados.

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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