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Transporte ferroviario y mercado agropecuario en Chile, 1930-1960.

Authors: Almonacid-Zapata, Fabián;

Transporte ferroviario y mercado agropecuario en Chile, 1930-1960.

Abstract

Este artículo establece la importancia del transporte ferroviario en la movilización de productos agrícolas en Chile, entre 1930 y 1960, así como la influencia de las tarifas ferroviarias en la organización del mercado agrícola. A partir de fuentes de ministerios, organismos estatales, estadística y prensa regional, se evidencia el volumen de carga agropecuaria transportada por ferrocarriles, especialmente entre el centro y sur del país, mientras el transporte marítimo y el caminero ocupaban una posición secundaria. El transporte ferroviario tuvo un papel determinante en la estructuración del mercado agropecuario. Mediante tarifas ferroviarias reducidas se favorecían precios finales bajos y disponibilidad de productos agropecuarios. Por la presión del gobierno y los productores, la Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado mantuvo fletes bajos, aunque afectara a sus ingresos y a sus operaciones. Sin embargo, la Empresa debía responder a las demandas salariales de sus trabajadores y renovar equipos e infraestructura, por lo que necesitaba subir sus tarifas. De tal manera, el valor de las tarifas ferroviarias se convirtió en un problema político y económico, con impacto en la situación de la agricultura. El artículo demuestra que la política de tarifas ferroviarias bajas no sólo se mantuvo, sino que se agudizó a lo largo del periodo, especialmente para los productos de primera necesidad. De este modo, el Estado pudo organizar un mercado agropecuario adecuado al desarrollo industrial y urbano, aunque ello provocó un deterioro de la capacidad y eficiencia de los Ferrocarriles del Estado, lo que tuvo un impacto negativo sobre la propia agricultura. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of railway freight on the transportation of agricultural products in Chile between 1930 and 1960, as well as the influence of railway fares on the organization of the agricultural market. Different sources from Ministries, Government institutions, statistics and the regional press, allow the reconstruction of the volume of agricultural freight transported by train, especially between the centre and the south of the country, while maritime and road transportation were secondary. Railway transportation played a key role in structuring the agricultural market. Low railway fares favoured low final prices and the availability of agricultural products. Due to the government and producers’ pressure, the State Railway Company kept freight prices low despite the fact that this decision highly affected its income and performance. However, if the company wanted to meet its employees’ wage expectations and renew its equipment and infrastructure, fare increases were required. Thus, railway fares became a political and economical issue that impacted the agricultural situation. This paper shows that the policy of keeping railway fares low was not only preserved but deepened during the period, especially for basic products. As a consequence the State was able to subordinate the agricultural market to industrial and urban development. However such a policy harmed the capacity and efficiency of the State Railway Company, an evolution that had a negative impact on agriculture.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

mercado agropecuario, agricultural market, R48, state policies, Q18, tarifas ferroviarias, Q13, R12, políticas estatales, railway fares, railway transportation, agricultura, transporte ferroviario, agriculture

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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