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TRANSIÇÃO PARA A REFORMA E QUALIDADE CONJUGAL: UMA REVISÃO EXPLORATÓRIA DO ESTADO DA ARTE

Authors: Sílvia Santos Sousa;

TRANSIÇÃO PARA A REFORMA E QUALIDADE CONJUGAL: UMA REVISÃO EXPLORATÓRIA DO ESTADO DA ARTE

Abstract

A transição para a reforma é um momento de grande transformação na vida das pessoas, que influencia não só o seu quotidiano, mas também a qualidade da relação conjugal. Através de uma revisão exploratória da literatura procurou-se compreender como este processo influencia e é influenciado pela conjugalidade, bem como identificar os principais desafios, fatores de risco, recursos de proteção e estratégias de adaptação que são já conhecidos. Começou-se por identificar quais as abordagens teóricas que têm presidido aos esforços de investigação que têm sido feitos nestes domínios. Identificou-se, nomeadamente, as Teorias da Transição, com destaque para o Modelo de Schlossberg, a Teoria da Continuidade e a Perspetiva do Curso de Vida; as Teorias do Envelhecimento, sobretudo o Modelo de Seleção, Otimização e Compensação; e as Teorias sobre a Relação Conjugal, particularmente a Teoria da Interdependência. Partindo dos resultados e conclusões dos estudos empíricos, foi possível perceber que a experiência da reforma não é igual para todos os casais, variando conforme o contexto e a história conjugal. Por norma, a qualidade conjugal tendencialmente mantém-se próxima do que era antes da reforma: casais com relações sólidas aprofundam a ligação, enquanto aqueles com dificuldades anteriores enfrentam mais tensões. Uma comunicação franca, o apoio mútuo, o planeamento conjunto e a partilha de atividades revelam-se importantes para uma transição mais harmoniosa. Para além disso, as redes de apoio social e o envolvimento em atividades sociais contribuem para o bem-estar individual e do casal. Ficou evidente através da análise das referências consultadas que esta fase tanto pode fortalecer como fragilizar a relação de casal, consoante os desafios enfrentados e os recursos disponíveis para lidar com eles. Conclui-se que parece fundamental implementar intervenções de apoio ao casal que possam reforçar a comunicação, promover o suporte recíproco e a resiliência, de modo a preservar ou potenciar a qualidade conjugal no contexto da transição para a reforma e na nova etapa da vida que com ela se inicia. Palavras-chave: reforma; qualidade conjugal; envelhecimento; adaptação; relações conjugais.

Transition to retirement brings significant transformation in a person's life, which influences not only daily routines but also the quality of the marital relationship. Through an exploratory literature review, this study aimed to understand how this process both influences and is influenced by conjugal dynamics, as well as to identify the main challenges, risk factors, protective resources, and adaptation strategies already known. The first step was to identify the theoretical frameworks that have guided research efforts in this field. These include the Transition Theories-particularly Schlossberg's Model, the Continuity Theory, and the Life Course Perspective; Ageing Theories-especially the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Model; and Theories on Marital Relationships-with emphasis on the Interdependence Theory. Based on empirical findings, it became clear that retirement experience is not equal for all couples and varies according to the context and marital history. Typically, marital quality tends to remain like what it was prior to retirement: couples with strong relationships deepen their bond, whereas those with previous difficulties tend to face greater tension. Open communication, mutual support, joint planning, and the sharing of activities appear to contribute to a smoother transition. Moreover, social support networks and engagement in social activities are associated with individual and relational well-being. The literature reviewed highlights that this life stage can either strengthen or weaken the marital relationship, depending on the challenges encountered and the resources available to face them. It is concluded that implementing couple-focused interventions that enhance communication, mutual support, and resilience is crucial to preserving or improving marital quality throughout the retirement transition and along the new stage of life that follows it.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Psicologia, Psychology, Ciências sociais::Psicologia, Social sciences::Psychology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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