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Tiempos de paz, tiempos de guerra : La Cruz Roja y las colonias escolares en España (1920-1927)

Authors: Moreno Martínez, Pedro Luis;

Tiempos de paz, tiempos de guerra : La Cruz Roja y las colonias escolares en España (1920-1927)

Abstract

Cruz Roja, que surgió, en un principio, como un medio para socorrer a los militares heridos en tiempos de guerra, pronto manifestaría su vocación de actuar también en tiempos de paz, extender su radio de acción a la población civil y ampliar el alcance de sus iniciativas, desde las sanitarias hacia las de carácter social y humanitario, incluidas aquellas relacionadas con la protección a la infancia. En esa línea, diferentes sociedades nacionales de Cruz Roja participaron o colaboraron en la creación, realización y sostenimiento de colonias escolares en diversos países de Europa y América. En España, en tiempos de paz, con anterioridad a la Guerra Civil (1936-1939), comités locales, provinciales y el Comité Central de Cruz Roja llevaron a cabo colonias que presentaban cierto grado de complejidad relacionado, fundamentalmente, con el tipo de órgano de la institución que las impulsaba, el papel desempeñado por el mismo, las finalidades atribuidas a las colonias y aquellas características relativas, entre otras, a las peculiaridades de los colonos (su vinculación o no a Cruz Roja, sexo, procedencia, etc.), 1 el personal docente o sanitario a su cargo, el lugar de destino e instalación, etc. El estallido de la Guerra Civil supuso para el Comité Internacional de Cruz Roja una situación a la que los convenios internacionales vigentes no eran aplicables y a la que tuvo que hacer frente en el transcurso de los acontecimientos. En esos tiempos de guerra, Cruz Roja asumió un conjunto de funciones respecto a las colonias escolares completamente diferentes a las que había venido desempeñado en tiempos de paz.

The Red Cross appeared, in the beginning, as a means for assisting wounded soldiers in times of war. Nevertheless, it soon showed its readiness to act also in times of peace extending its activities among the civil population, and spreading the reach of its iniciatives from the sanitary towards those of a social and humanitarian character, including activities related to protection of chilhood. In this sense, different natíonal Red Cross societies took part in the creation, realization and keeping up of country holidays in several European and American countries. In Spain, in times of peace, before the Civil War (1936-1939), local and provincial committees, as well as the Central Committee of the Red Cross created country holidays. These country holidays presented a certain complexity related, mainly, to the type of the institutional organism that promoted them, the role played by the same, the goals assigned to them, and those characteristics referred, among others, to the peculiarities of their members (their relation, or not, to the Red Cross, sex, geographical origin, etc.), the teaching and sanitary staff, the places chosen, etc .. The outbreak of the Civil War constituted, for the International Committee of the Red Cross, a situation to which the international agreements of the time could not be applied. A situation that had to be met during those events. In times of war the Red Cross asumed the functions referred to the country holidays which were completely different to those it had to carry out in times of peace.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cruz Roja, CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::614 - Higiene y salud pública. Contaminación. Prevención de accidentes. Enfermería, Historia de la infancia, :9 - Geografía e historia::94 - Historia por países [CDU], Colonias escolares, Hygienism, Cruz Roja Española, Red Cross, Historia, Higienismo, Country holidays, CDU::9 - Geografía e historia::94 - Historia por países, History of childhood, :6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina::614 - Higiene y salud pública. Contaminación. Prevención de accidentes. Enfermería [CDU]

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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