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Clinical and Biomedical Research
Article . 2020
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ÍNDICE GLICÊMICO E CARGA GLICÊMICA NO MANEJO DO DIABETES MELITO

Authors: Silva, Flávia Moraes; de Mello, Vanessa Derenji Ferreira;

ÍNDICE GLICÊMICO E CARGA GLICÊMICA NO MANEJO DO DIABETES MELITO

Abstract

O diabetes melito (DM) é uma doença crônica, caracterizada por um estado de hiperglicemia e associada a complicações micro e macrovasculares. O controle da glicemia é o principal objetivo no tratamento do DM. Os conceitos de índice glicêmico (IG) e carga glicêmica (CG) têm sido investigados como potenciais ferramentas para auxiliar no manejo dietoterápico destes pacientes. Ademais, seu papel já está sendo reconhecido por algumas associações de DM no mundo. O IG compara quantidades iguais de carboidrato; enquanto que a CG leva em consideração a quantidade e a qualidade do carboidrato consumido. Ambos são influenciados por fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos ao alimento. Dietas com baixo IG podem, teoricamente, beneficiar o controle metabólico do DM por diminuírem a hiperglicemia pósprandial precoce e o risco de hipoglicemia no estado pós-absortivo. A relação entre IG, CG e o desenvolvimento de DM ainda não é um achado unânime na literatura. Em contrapartida, observa-se uma melhora no controle glicêmico dos pacientes diabéticos que seguiram dietas de baixo IG. Tais dietas são de fácil aplicação prática e não restringem a variedade de alimentos. Portanto, o IG e a CG poderiam ser utilizados como ferramentas adicionais no manejo dietoterápico do DM.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with micro- and macrovascular complications. Good glycemic control is a main goal. The concepts of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been subject of investigation as potential tools to help in the dietary management of diabetic patients. Moreover, their role has been already acknowledged by some diabetic associations all over the world. GI compares the quality of carbohydrate intake, whereas GL takes into consideration both the quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake. They are both influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors of food. Diets with low GI can theoretically benefit metabolic control in DM because they decrease early postprandial hyperglycemia and the risk of hypoglycemia during the postabsorptive state. The association of a high GI and GL with the development of DM is not a uniform finding in the literature. Conversely, improvement of glycemic control in diabetic patients who follow low GI diets has been consistently observed. These diets are easily implemented and do not restrict variety of food choices. Therefore, GI and GL may be useful as additional tools in the dietary management of DM.

Keywords

Carbohydrate, carboidrato, diabetes, dieta, Diabetes, Índice glicêmico, R, Diet, Diabetes mellitus, glicose plasmática, Glycemic load, Glycemic index, Blood glucose, Medicine, Dieta, carga glicêmica, Carboidratos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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