
handle: 10183/204881
Este trabajo se ha realizado con 38 estudiantes de cuarto año de nivel medio en situación real de aula. Se ha analizado la resolución escrita de un problema de cinemática. El análisis se ha basado principalmente en el marco de las teorías: de los campos conceptuales de Vergnaud (1982, 1990, 1996, 1998) y de los modelos mentales de Johnson-Laird (1983, 1990) tratando de interpretar las dificultades de los alumnos en la construcción de modelos mentales al resolver problemas. Una mejor comprensión del rol del constructo “esquema” en situaciones físicas en las que el sujeto puede disponer -o no- de las competencias necesarias para una inmediata resolución se ha mostrado fructífera en la inferencia de algunas representaciones que parecen elaborar los estudiantes al tomar contacto por primera vez con la cinemática de las traslaciones. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la descripción de un movimiento no es una tarea trivial. Sin embargo, un grupo importante de estudiantes ha adquirido una buen dominio de los algoritmos necesarios para su descripción científica en situaciones más convencionales mientras que en situaciones nuevas se ha evidenciado con fuerza el fenómeno de la variabilidad cognitiva.
This work was carried out in actual classroom condition with thirty-eight fourth level students of a secondary school. Their written solution of a problem on kinematics was examined. The analysis was based on the conceptual fields theory by Vergnaud (1982, 1990, 1996, 1998) and on the mental models theory by Johnson-Laird (1983, 1990). Such analysis was conducted to interpret students' difficulties in building mental models during problem solving. In conditions where students could have, or not at all, the needed abilities for immediate solving the problem, a better comprehension of the role of the "scheme" construct in physics situations was shown to be fruitful to understand students' representations during problems solving. The results suggest that motion description is not a trivial job. However, in standard situations an important group of students has acquired a good skill with main algorithms to make scientific descriptions. But in new situations, cognitive variability was shown.
Ensino de física, Problem solving, Operational invariants, Kinematics, LC8-6691, Resolución de problemas, Invariantes operatórios, Cinemática, Theory and practice of education, Special aspects of education, LB5-3640
Ensino de física, Problem solving, Operational invariants, Kinematics, LC8-6691, Resolución de problemas, Invariantes operatórios, Cinemática, Theory and practice of education, Special aspects of education, LB5-3640
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