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Extratores de fósforo para o arroz irrigado em solos adubados com fosfato natural reativo

Authors: Gonçalves, Gustavo Kruger; Bortolon, Leandro; Meurer, Egon Jose; Gonçalves, Daiana Ribeiro Nunes; Sousa, Rogério Oliveira de; Fagundes, Saul Mandrácio;

Extratores de fósforo para o arroz irrigado em solos adubados com fosfato natural reativo

Abstract

Os fosfatos naturais reativos têm sido utilizados como fonte alternativa de fósforo (P) à cultura de arroz irrigado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O extrator Mehlich-1 é o método ofi cial de avaliação na disponibilidade de P em solos adubados com fonte solúveis, mas pode ser inadequado para solos adubados com fosfatos naturais, devido à possibilidade de dissolução excessiva das partículas de fosfatos naturais reativos por este extrator. Desenvolveu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação no Campus da PUC, RS, em Uruguaiana, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2009, com o objetivo de avaliar a disponibilidade de P em solos adubados com fosfato natural reativo, extraído pelo método da resina de troca aniônica (RTA), Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3. Os solos foram previamente incubados com quatro doses de P (0; 9,82; 19,65 e 39,30 mg kg-1 de P) e cultivados com arroz irrigado durante 40 dias. Foram determinados os teores de P disponível extraído pelos diferentes extratores após o período de incubação. Durante o alagamento, foram analisados as concentrações de Fe, P e Ca e o pH na solução do solo. Após 40 dias de alagamento, foi avaliada a produção de matéria seca e a concentração de P na parte aérea das plantas. Os coefi cientes de determinação (r2 ) obtidos entre P acumulado pelas plantas de arroz e o P extraído foram: 0,84 para a Resina de troca iônica (RTA); 0,58 para o Mehlich-1 e 0,61 para o Mehlich-3. Dentre os métodos testados, o método da RTA foi mais efi ciente na extração de P do solo para avaliar a disponibilidade de P para a cultura de arroz irrigado em solos adubados com fosfatos naturais. A separação dos solos em grupos, segundo o material de origem e os teores de óxidos de ferro de baixa cristalinidade extraídos com oxalato a pH 6,0, resultou em melhor efi ciência de todos os métodos testados para avaliar a disponibilidade de P para o arroz irrigado em solo adubado com fosfato natural reativo.

The reactive rock phosphates have been used as an alternative phosphorus (P) source for the irrigated rice culture in Rio Grande do Sul State. The extractor Mehlich-1 is used as the standard method for the assessment of the P availability. It can present satisfactory results when the fertilization of P in soil is carried out with a soluble source, but it can be inadequate for soils fertilized with rock phosphate, because of the possibility of dissolution of excessive reactive particles by this extractor. In order to evaluate the soil P availability in soils fertilized with rock phosphate, a greenhouse experiment on the campus of PUC, RS Uruguaiana in the period between September-October 2009 was carried out with four soils fertilized with four phosphate rates, where rice was cultivated for a 40 day period. The soil P availability was studied by the following extraction methods: anion exchange resin (AER), Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3. The levels of available P extracted were assessed by different extractors after the incubation period. During the fl ooding, we analyzed the concentrations of Fe, Ca and P and the pH of the soil solution. After 40 days of fl ooding, the production of dry matter and P concentration were assessed in the plants’ shoots. The determination coeffi cients between the P accumulated by the plants and the content determined by the extraction methods were: 0.84 (anion exchange resin); 0.58 (Mehlich-1) and 0.61 (Mehlich-3). The results indicated that the anion exchange resin was more effective for predicting P availability for the irrigated rice culture in soil fertilized with rock phosphates. The separation of soils into groups according to the source material and the content of iron oxides of low crystallinity extracted with oxalate at pH 6.0, resulted in improved effi ciency of all tested methods to assess P availability for rice in soil fertilized with phosphate rock.

Keywords

Adubação, Mehlich-1, S, Agriculture (General), Veterinary medicine, Mehlich-3, Agriculture, S1-972, Arroz irrigado, Anion exchange resin, esina de troca aniônica, SF600-1100, Fósforo, Oryza sativa L.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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