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Clinical and Biomedical Research
Article . 2009
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Considerações Sobre Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na Educação em Saúde

Authors: Vignochi, Carine Moraes; Benetti, Carla da Silva; Machado, Carmen Lúcia Bezerra; Manfroi, Waldomiro Carlos;

Considerações Sobre Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na Educação em Saúde

Abstract

A aprendizagem baseada em problemas (Problem-Based Learning – PBL) tem sido reconhecida mundialmente como uma abordagem capaz de promover a aquisição de conhecimentos pelos alunos ao mesmo tempo em que os ajuda a desenvolver habilidades e atitudes profissionais desejáveis. Diferentemente dos métodos convencionais de ensino, que utilizam problemas de aplicação após a apresentação da teoria, o PBL utiliza um problema para iniciar, enfocar e motivar a aprendizagem de novos conceitos. Nessa abordagem, o aluno utiliza diferentes processos mentais, como capacidade de levantar hipóteses, comparar, analisar, interpretar e avaliar, desenvolvendo a habilidade de assumir responsabilidade por sua formação. A metodologia PBL tem se mostrado um instrumento valioso na formação do profissional de saúde, com vantagens sobre o método de ensino tradicional. No entanto, para a sua implantação, há necessidade de um considerável esforço institucional. São necessárias adaptações, tais como mudanças na forma de avaliação, mudanças na forma de ver o papel do docente no processo ensino/aprendizagem, investimentos em infraestrutura, adaptações do ambiente, melhoria das bibliotecas, entre outros. O processo de mudança da educação traz inúmeros desafios como, por exemplo, romper com modelos de ensino tradicional e formar profissionais de saúde com competências que lhes permitam recuperar a dimensão essencial do cuidado: a relação entre humanos.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has been recognized worldwide as an approach that promotes the acquisition of knowledge by students at the same time that it helps them develop desirable skills and professional attitudes. Unlike the conventional teaching methods, which use problem-solving after the theory has been presented, PBL uses a problem to start, focus and motivate the learning of new concepts. According to this approach, students use different mental processes, such as ability to suggest hypotheses, compare, analyze, interpret, and evaluate, to develop the ability to take responsibility for their education. PBL methodology has been a valuable tool in the education of health professionals, with advantages over the traditional teaching method. However, in order to implement such methodology, considerable institutional effort is necessary. Adjustments must be made, including changes in the methods of evaluation, changes in mind-set on the role of teachers in the teaching/learning process, investments in infrastructure, adaptations of the environment, improvement of libraries, among others. The process of change in education brings many challenges, such as breaking with traditional models of education and training health professionals so that they acquire skills to recover the essential dimension of care: the relationship between people.

Keywords

Educação em saúde, Educação, Health, PBL, R, Medicine, Saúde., Aprendizagem baseada em problemas, Education

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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