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Psicopatia e interação social: a interferência dos traços de psicopatia na cooperação

Authors: Goulart, Ana Lúcia Monteiro Freitas Garcia;

Psicopatia e interação social: a interferência dos traços de psicopatia na cooperação

Abstract

A psicopatia é uma desordem frequentemente associada ao comportamento antissocial, ao crime e à delinquência, ao desrespeito pelas regras e instituições. Define-se por uma constelação de características afetivas, interpessoais e comportamentais que, para muitos investigadores, assenta num défice emocional. Os psicopatas são egocêntricos, não experienciam emoções (culpa, remorsos ou empatia) que dispõem para a cooperação e que são necessárias ao comportamento social apropriado. Os aspetos interpessoais e afetivos da psicopatia adulta foram identificados em crianças e adolescentes; a presença de traços de frieza e de défice emocional permite selecionar um subgrupo de jovens com problemas de conduta que apresentam um padrão de comportamento antissocial mais agressivo. Este trabalho procura investigar a associação entre as características psicopáticas e as respostas cooperantes nos adolescentes. Num primeiro estudo procedeu-se à adaptação para a língua portuguesa do ICU (Frick, 2004), com uma amostra de 152 estudantes. Este instrumento avalia os aspetos afetivos da psicopatia e tem apresentado correlações significativas com padrões severos de agressividade, delinquência e distúrbios de conduta. As análises de consistência interna e da estrutura fatorial da escala total e das 3 subescalas confirmaram as suas qualidades psicométricas. No segundo estudo investigámos a relação entre psicopatia (apurada pelo ICU e YPI) e cooperação (utilizando o paradigma do Dilema do Prisioneiro), numa amostra de 52 estudantes. Concluiu-se que os indivíduos com maior índice de psicopatia são menos cooperantes do que os outros apenas quando deparam com adversários pouco cooperantes. Os resultados sugerem que as condições ambientais interferem na manifestação da patologia.

Psychopathy is a disorder often associated with antisocial behavior, crime and delinquency, disregard for rules and institutions. It is defined by a constellation of affective, interpersonal and behavioral characteristics, based on an emotional deficit, according with several researchers. Psychopaths are egocentric and do not experience emotions (especially guilt, remorse or empathy) necessary for cooperation and appropriate social behavior. The interpersonal and affective aspects of adult psychopathy were identified in children and adolescents; the presence of callous-unemotional traits allows a selection of a subset of youth with conduct problems who show a pattern of more aggressive antisocial behaviour. The present study investigates the association between psychopathic characteristics and cooperative responses in adolescents. In study 1 we proceed to the adaptation to Portuguese of the ICU (Frick, 2004), with a sample of 152 students. This instrument assesses the affective aspects of psychopathy and has shown significant correlations with strict standards of aggression, delinquency and conduct disorder. Analyses of internal consistency and factor structure of the total scale and the 3 subscales confirmed its psychometric qualities. In study 2 we investigated the relationship between psychopathy (as measured by the ICU and YPI) and cooperation (using the Prisoner's Dilemma paradigm), with a sample of 52 students. It was concluded that individuals with higher rates of psychopathy are less cooperative than others when faced with slight cooperative opponents. The results suggest that environmental conditions interfere with the manifestation of the pathology.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Psicopatia, Cooperation, Prisoner's dilemma, Callous-unemotional traits, Psychopathy, Traços de frieza e défice emocional, Dilema do prisioneiro, Adolescência, Cooperação, Adolescence

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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