The paper presents a computer-assisted exploration of a set of texts, where qualitative analysis complements the linguistically-aware vector-based language distance measurements, interpreting them through close reading and thus proving or disproving their conclusions. It proposes using a method designed for small raw corpora to explore the individual, chronological, and gender-based differences within an extinct single territorial lect, known only by a scarce collection of documents. The material under consideration is the Novgorodian birchbark letters, a set of rather small manuscripts (not a single one is more than 1000 tokens) that are witnesses of the Old Novgorodian lect, spoken on the territories of modern Novgorod and Staraya Russa at the first half of the first millennium CE. The study shows the existence of chronological variation, a mild degree of individual variation, and almost absent gender-based differences. Possible prospects of the study include its application to the newly discovered birchbark letters and using an outgroup for more precise measurements.

https://aclanthology.org/2025.resourceful-1.0/