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Los bosques de niebla de México: conservación y restauración de su componente arbóreo

Authors: M. González-Espinosa; J.A. Meave; N. Ramírez-Marcial; T. Toledo-Aceves; F.G. Lorea-Hernández; G. Ibarra-Manríquez;

Los bosques de niebla de México: conservación y restauración de su componente arbóreo

Abstract

The cloud forest of Mexico, a plant formation widely known in this country as mesophyllous montane forest (bosque mesófilo de montaña), comprises a diverse array of plant associations that collectively occupy nearly 1% of the national territory. Because of its fragmented distribution at mid- and high elevations of the humid mountain ranges (mostly but not continuously between 1500 and 2500 m altitude), its complex biogeographic history, and its adjacency with many other vegetation types, Mexican cloud forests host at least 10% of the country’s vascular plant flora, estimated at around 27 000 species. A recent appraisal showed that of a total of 762 tree species that thrive in these forests, at least 60% are in one of the various threat categories defined by the IUCN (23% Vulnerable, 27% Endangered, and 11% Critically Endangered). Current trends of population growth, land use/land cover change, and global climate change demand conservation and restoration actions to help revert their effects. The conventional conservation model consisting in the establishment of natural protected areas may be viable and still necessary in some areas to preserve the integrity of cloud forests as a whole. Nevertheless, novel restoration strategies are needed across most of its original range that are capable of reconciling the sustainable exploitation of these forests and the well-being of their inhabitants with the conservation of the extraordinary natural heritage that these forests signify for Mexico and the world.

El bosque de niebla de México, formación vegetal ampliamente conocida en este país como bosque mesófilo de montaña, incluye una variedad de asociaciones que ocupan aproximadamente 1% del territorio nacional. Por su distribución fragmentaria en las partes media y alta de las serranías húmedas (principalmente, pero no de manera continua entre 1500 y 2500 m de altitud), su compleja historia biogeográfica y su contacto con muchos otros tipos de vegetación, este bosque incluye al menos 10% de las plantas vasculares de la flora mexicana (alrededor de 27 000 especies). Recientemente se ha estimado que de un total de 762 especies arbóreas que prosperan en estos bosques, al menos 60% están en alguna categoría de amenaza de acuerdo con los criterios de la UICN (23% Vulnerable, 27% En Peligro y 11% En Peligro Crítico). Las tendencias actuales de crecimiento poblacional, de cambio de uso del suelo y el cambio climático mundial exigen acciones de conservación y restauración para revertir sus efectos. El modelo convencional de conservación consistente en establecer áreas naturales protegidas puede ser viable y todavía necesario en algunas áreas para conservar la integridad de los bosques de niebla en su conjunto. Sin embargo, en la mayor parte de su distribución se requiere de estrategias novedosas de restauración que logren conciliar su aprovechamiento sustentable y el bienestar de sus pobladores con la conservación del extraordinario patrimonio natural que representan para México y el mundo.

Keywords

Mesophyllous montane forest, Categorías de riesgo, Bosque mesófilo de montaña, Estudios Ambientales, Rubiaceae, Ecología, Risk categories, categorías de riesgo, Environmental sciences, Lauraceae, Quercus, UICN, IUCN, GE1-350

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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