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Impacto del maltrato infantil en el desarrollo del TEPT y TEPT complejo: una revisión teórica sistemática

Authors: Hipólito Carrillo, Alexia de Jesús;

Impacto del maltrato infantil en el desarrollo del TEPT y TEPT complejo: una revisión teórica sistemática

Abstract

Actualmente, el maltrato infantil (MI) supone una problemática global cuyas repercusiones son significativas en la salud de las personas que lo han sufrido. La vivencia de este fenómeno se ha relacionado en numerosos estudios con el desarrollo del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) y el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático Complejo (TEPTC), siendo este último reconocido en la CIE-11. Se trata de trastornos que comparten características sintomatológicas, y cuyas diferencias se presentan en la intensidad, persistencia y naturaleza de los síntomas. En la presente revisión sistemática se analiza el impacto de cada tipo de maltrato infantil en el desarrollo de los síntomas del TEPT y TEPTC. Para ello, se han recopilado estudios publicados en los últimos seis años a través de bases de datos académicas, aplicando los criterios PRISMA y atendiendo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión específicos. Los resultados revelan que la experiencia de múltiples formas de maltrato aumenta la gravedad de los síntomas. Se identifican el abuso sexual, abuso y la negligencia emocionales como los predictores más consistentes para el TEPTC, mientras que el abuso y la negligencia físicos se asocian más con el TEPT. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de mejorar los protocolos de detección temprana y las estrategias de intervención terapéutica específicas para cada víctima.

Currently, child maltreatment (CM) is a global problem with significant repercussions on the health of those who have suffered it. The experience of this phenomenon has been related in numerous studies to the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTD), the latter being recognised in the ICD-11. These disorders share symptomatological features, with differences in the intensity, persistence and nature of the symptoms. This systematic review analyses the impact of each type of child maltreatment on the development of PTSD and CPTD symptoms. To this end, studies published in the last six years have been collected from academic databases, applying the PRISMA criteria and meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results reveal that the experience of multiple forms of maltreatment increases the severity of symptoms. Sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect are identified as the most consistent predictors of PTSD, whereas physical abuse and neglect are most associated with PTSD. These findings reinforce the need for improved early detection protocols and victim-specific therapeutic intervention strategies.

Máster Universitario en Psicología General Sanitaria (M169)

35 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Factor de riesgo, Revisión sistemática, TEPT, PTSD, TEPT complejo, Psicología, Maltrato infantil, Systematic review, Psychology, Risk factor, Complex PTSD, Child maltreatment

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green