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Aceros duales sinterizados

Authors: Barahona Bellido, José María;

Aceros duales sinterizados

Abstract

En los últimos años, los precios de los elementos típicos de aleación han ido en aumento, y por ello se ha trabajado para conseguir nuevos métodos de aleación y nuevos materiales que pudieran obtener las mismas propiedades, o incluso mejores, con un bajo coste. En este punto cobra especial importancia la pulvimetalurgia, ya que es capaz de competir frente a los métodos convencionales de fabricación por la posibilidad de fabricar piezas de geometría complicada, en grandes series y con un coste menor. Tanto el fósforo (P) como el molibdeno (Mo) son elementos de aleación que típicamente no se utilizan en los procesos básicos de fabricación. Sin embargo, en piezas pulvimetalúrgicas adquieren gran importancia por las propiedades que confieren a los materiales. Ligeros cambios en el proceso de fabricación pueden suponer una gran variación en determinadas propiedades. Según se compacte con una prensa de simple o de doble efecto, si se usa compactación en caliente o a temperatura ambiente, la temperatura que se alcance en la sinterización, el tiempo de sinterizado, la atmósfera de sinterización, la cantidad de aleantes, etc. Para la consolidación de las muestras se cuenta con la colaboración de la empresa Höganäs AB. Esto ha permitido compactar todas las probetas mediante compactación en matriz precalentada y sinterizarla en hornos semi-industriales. La técnica de compactación utilizada es una tecnología de última generación que consigue mejorar notablemente la densidad optimizando el consumo energético en el proceso. En este proyecto de fin de carrera se pretende estudiar la variación que produce en las propiedades del acero el uso de dos atmósferas de sinterización diferentes. Además, se evaluará la respuesta de este acero al tratamiento de endurecimiento por temple denominado “sinterhardening”. La composición del material se ha tomado de estudios previos en los que se fueron optimizando las cantidades de cada elemento. Cada una de las atmósferas, una de Endogás y otra de Nitrógeno e Hidrógeno en proporción 90/10, proporcionará un efecto diferente en el material, ya que según su composición tienen diferentes agentes reductores en cada momento del proceso de sinterizado. Las velocidades de enfriamiento diferentes también modifican algunas propiedades mecánicas ya que existe variación en las microestructuras formadas. Los resultados obtenidos nos permitirán definir la ruta de procesado que se ha de ejecutar para optimizar las propiedades del material y que pueda competir en el mercado con otros materiales de similares características pero fabricados por otras vías y con mayor cantidad de aleantes, y por lo tanto con precios más elevados. During the last years, typical alloying elements’ prices have been rising, and therefore producers have been working to achieve new alloying methods and new materials that could provide the same or better properties with lower costs. At this point, powder metallurgy is particularly important, because it can compete with conventional manufacturing methods by manufacturing parts of complicated geometry, in large quantities and at lower costs. Both the phosphorus (P) and the molybdenum (Mo) are alloying elements that are not commonly used in basic manufacturing methods. However, in powder metallurgy parts, they acquire great importance because of the properties that they confer to the materials. Small changes in the manufacturing process can generate variations in some properties. For instance compacting in a simple effect press or a double effect one, if it is used warm compaction or normal temperature compaction, increased sintering temperature, sintering time, sintering atmosphere, alloying quantity… The company Höganäs AB has collaborated to the manufacturing of the pieces. They were able to compact the test specimens in a warm die and sintered them in semi-industrial ovens. The compaction technique used is a cutting edge technology that improves the density optimizing the process’ energy consumption. In this project we are studying the variation produced in the steel properties by the use of two different sintering atmospheres. Moreover we are going to study the effect of the hardening treatment by quenching called “sinterhardening” in this steel. The composition of the material was defined in previous works, where the quantity of each element was optimized. Each of the atmospheres, one of Endogas and one of nitrogen and hydrogen in 90/10 proportion, will provide a different effect in the material, as due to their composition they have different reducing agents in each moment of sintering process. Different cooling rates also modify some mechanical properties because there is variation in the microstructures formed Results obtained will let us define the approach of processing that should be implemented to optimize the properties of the material so it can compete in the market with other materials with similar characteristics but manufactured by some other routes and with more alloying elements, therefore more expensive. Ingeniería Industrial

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Industria metalúrgica, Ensayo de materiales, Pulvimetalurgia, Aleaciones, Ingeniería Industrial

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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